内容正文:
同步人教2019版高中英语 (必修一、二、三册)
本单元按教学目标要求须掌握的语法点为“动词不定式的用法”。
一、动词不定式的被动形式
1. 动词不定式被动形式
动词不定式与其所修饰的名词或代词构成被动关系时,动词不定式通常使用被动形式。动词不定式通
常修饰的被动形式(to be done)表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词表示的动词
之后;动词不定式完成式的被动形式(to have been done)则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
2. 动词不定式被动形式的句法作用
① 做主语
Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job. 有时被人理解并不是一件容易的事情。
It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. 他受到批评是件好事。
但要注意
① 动词不定式做主语时,常用 it做形式主语,而把真正的主语放在后面。如:
It’s a great honor to be invited to speak here.
能被邀请到这儿讲话,真是一件荣幸的事情。
② 单个动词不定式、动名词以及从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
To be adopted by a key university is difficult for him.
对他来说,被一所重点大学录取是困难的。
③ 如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一个概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表达不同概念,谓语动词
用复数形式。如:
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。
To work and to life are two different things, but they are always together.
工作和生活是两件不同的事情,但它们总是在一起。
② 做表语
The new bridge is to be completed next spring. 这座新桥将在明年春天完工。
This type of washing machine seems to be widely used in our city.
这种类型的洗衣机好像在我们城市使用很广泛。
His dream was to be admitted to a good university. 他的梦想是考上一所好大学。
③ 做宾语
No one likes to be made fun of in public. 没有人喜欢当众被嘲笑。
She didn’t like to be treated as a child. 她不喜欢被当作孩子对待。
Tom asked to be given another chance to try again. 汤姆要求再给他一次尝试的机会。
Unit 4 Space exploration
【主题:太空探险】
必
修
3
61
跟着课本学语法跟着课文学语法
④ 做宾语补足语
He wanted the boy to be punished for lying. 他想让那个男孩因说谎而受到惩罚。
The boss desired the work to be done at once. 老板要求这项工作立即被做。
⑤ 做定语
He is not a man to be defeated easily. 他不是一个容易被打败的人。
It is the first project to be designed by her. 这是她设计的第一个项目。
Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’office?
你是要去参加在老师办公室举办的会议吗?
⑥ 做状语
She is too young to be assigned such work. 她年纪太小,不宜把这类工作分配给她。
He was sent abroad to be trained. 他被送出国外培训。
I am glad to have been helped by so many warm-hearted people.
我很高兴得到了这么多热心人的帮助。
二、动词不定式的主动式和被动式的区别
1. 通常来说,动词不定式的主动式的逻辑主语是它所表示的动作的执行者,而动词不定式的被动式的逻
辑主语是它所表示的动作的承受者。如:
You are to finish all the work within a week. →All the work is to be finished within a week.