内容正文:
跟着课本学语法跟着课文学语法
本单元按教学目标要求须掌握的语法点为“省略的用法”。
一、省略的特征
为了避免重复,将句子中的某些成分省去,这种语言现象叫省略。
省略是避免重复、突出中心信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。通常来说,只要不破坏结构或
引起歧义,能省略的地方就应省略。省略之后,不仅句子结构显得紧凑,而且句子意思更加明确。
二、由and或but连接的并列句中的省略
1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。如:
Tom picked up a book on the floor and handed it to his teacher.
汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。
Stephen realized his mistake and apologized at once. 斯蒂芬认识到了他的错误,于是马上道歉。
Jimmy fell off his bike, but was unhurt. 吉米从自行车上跌了下来,但没有受伤。
2. 若主语不同,而谓语部分的助动词或情态动词相同,则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。如:
Jack must have been playing football and Marie (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球,玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
(Does) Anyone want a drink? 有谁要喝一杯吗?
Who (do) you think you are? 你以为你是谁?
3. 若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。如:
His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Marie angry. 他的建议使我高兴,却使玛丽生气了。
We tried to help her but (we tried) in vain. 我们想法子帮她,但没用。
Kate is easy in conversation and (she is) graceful in manner. 凯特谈吐从容,举止优雅。
4. 若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。如:
He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t (have a knowledge of first aid).
他具备急救知识,但他朋友不具备。
I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob (was born in winter) in 1989.
我出生在1988年的冬天,鲍勃出生在1989年的冬天。
5. 省略重复的介词、连词及后续部分。如:
He was late because he had overslept and (because he had) missed the train.
他迟到了,因为他睡过了头误了火车。
The two boys are (of) the same age. 这两个男孩年龄一样大。
We are delighted (that) you can come. 你能来,我们很高兴。
Unit 3 Diverse cultures
【主题:道德与美德】
必
修
3
56
同步人教2019版高中英语 (必修一、二、三册)
三、状语从句中某些成分的省略
1. 在when,whenever,while,till,as soon as,unless,though,as if / though,as,whether等引导的状语从句中,
若谓语部分含有be动词,而主语又跟主句主语相同或从句主语为 it时,则从句中的主语和be动词常一起省
略。如:
Tie a bandage tightly over her sprained ankle when necessary. 必要时用绷带紧紧绑住她扭伤的脚踝。
Wood gives off much smoke while (wood is) burning. 木头燃烧时产生了很多烟。
His opinion, whether (it is) right or wrong, will be considered. 他的意见,无论对错,都会被考虑。
2. 在as,than,however,whatever,no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。如:
After two hours he became quieter (than she had been). 两小时后,他变得更安静了。
I’ve decided to leave tomorrow, no matter what / no matter what happe