Unit10 动名词-郑天生中学英语语法

◆Unt10动名词 动名词 动名词是动词的另一种非限定形式,动名词兼有名词和动词的特征, 可以起名词的作用,在句中作主语和宾语等,同时可以带宾语或受状语修 饰。动名词加宾语或状语构成动名词短语。动名词短语的结构为 “物主代词+动名词”或“名词的所有格+动名词 此时物主代词和名词的所有格是这个动名词的逻辑主语,动名词短语 j以作主语、表语和宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语)等。如 Li Mings being late made his teacher very angry 李明的迟到使得他的老师非常生气。(主语 I think the big problem is their not having enough time 我认为最大的问题是他们没有足够的时间。(表语) Do you mind my leaving now Do you mind me leaving now?)我现在离开你介意吗?(宾语 Do you mind Li Mings asking some questions (=Do you mind Li Ming asking some questions? 李明问一些问题你介意吗?(宾语) saying goodbye 汤姆没有与我们告别就走了。(介词宾语 She was surprised at your doing that 她对你做那件事感到很奇怪。(介词宾语) 有时动名词和动名词短语在句子中的意思有较大的不同,但大多数的情况下区别 不大,只不过动名词短语表示的内容更具体一些。如 [注] Do you mind opening the door?劳驾你开吗句子的主语you做这个动作) Do you mind my(me) opening the door?我打开门你介意吗 (动名词短语中的动名词的逻辑主语me(my)来做这个动作) 10-1动名词的构成 动名词是在动词原形的词尾加上-ing构成的。其规则如下 ①通常情况下直接加ing。如: listening, reading, cooking 口郑天生中学英语语法 TIVE 郑天生中学英语语法 English Gramma 2以不发音的字母-e结尾的去e加ing。如 making, writing, taking, living ③以-e结尾的将ie改成y再加-ing。如: je-lying, tie-tying ④以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写最后一个辅音字 母,再加上-ng。如 planning, sitting, swimming, running, beginning, getting 10-2动名词的否定式 动名词的否定形式由not+动名词构成。如 I must apologize not letting you know ahead of time 事先没让你知道,我必须向你道歉。 His not getting to the station on time makes everyone worried 他没准时到车站使得每个人都很担心 or not being there 请原谅我没去那儿。(我没去那儿,十分对不起 She hated herself for not having worked hard.她悔恨自己没有用功。 10-3动名词的用法 ①作主语。动名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。如 It is se(useless) talking too mu Talking too much is no use( useless)说的太多了没用。 t’ s no good crying(= Crying is no good.)哭没什么好处。 ②作表语。动名词作表语时通常表示比较抽象的习惯性的动作,表语和 主语常常可以互换。如 His hobby is painting Painting is his hobby绘画是他的爱好。 What he likes best is making jol aking jokes is what he likes best他最喜欢的是开玩笑 One of his bad habits is not speaking clearly Not speaking clearly is one of his bad habits 说话不清楚是他的毛病之 ③作宾语。 ①作直接宾语,用在 begin, start,stop, finish,ike等动词的后面。如 Please stop talking.请不要讲话。 She kept nodding as she listened to him.她听他讲话时不断地点头。 You must practise reading English aloud.你