Unit15 介词-郑天生中学英语语法

◆Unt15介词 5-1介词概述 介词又称前置词(通常置于名词之前),用来表示它后面的名词或相当 于名词的结构与其他句子成分的关系 介词是虚词,通常无句子重音,也不能单独作句子成分,必须和名词或 代词以及相当于名词的其他成分构成介词短语,才能单独使用。 15-2介词分类 介词大致可分为四类:简单介词、复合介词、短语介词和分词介词 ①简单介词就是单一介词。如: about,at,but,in,over等。 ②复合介词是指由两个简单介词所组成的介词。如:into,onto, without, nsde, outside, except for等。如 He climbed up the tree and picked all the fruit within his reach 他爬上树把所有能够得着的水果都摘了下来。 The cat ran away from under the table.那只猫从桌子底下跑掉了。 his house is valued at over fifty thousand dollars 这幢房子估价在5万美元以上。 ③短语介词是指由短语组成的介词。如: thanks to, in front of, by means of, in spite of等。如 Thanks to your help, I passed the exam 幸亏有你的帮助,我才通过了考试。 There is a big garden in front of my house 我的房子前面有一个大花园。 She was in the room next to yours.她刚才就在你隔壁房间。 由两个词、三个词,甚至四个词合成的作介词用的短语,叫短语介词。 这类介词的最后一个词一定是介词。 ④分词介词是指起介词作用的分词。如: He is very clever, considering his age 就他的年龄而言,他算是很聪明的了 She is generous regarding the money she gave to the poor 207 口郑天生中学英语语法 Middle School English Gramma CTIVE 口郑天生中学英语语法 English Grammar 就她给穷人的钱来说,她是很慷慨的。 Respecting the above facts we wish to make the following proposals 鉴于上述情况,我们提出以下建议。 有极少数介词的词尾是“-ing”,形似动词的现在分词(其中也有些可作 分词)。常用的有: considering, regarding, respecting(关于), including(包 15-3介词短语 1介词短语的构成 ①介词短语由介词+宾语构成。介词宾语通常是名词或与其相应的词 (代词或动名词)等。需要注意的是,代词作介词宾语时要用宾格。如: He fought for his country.他为他的祖国而战 She is waiting for me.她在等我 This dictionary is out of print.这种词典已经不再印刷了。 They succeeded in escaping.他们成功地逃跑了 介词宾语有时也可以是一个由what,when,how, Whether等疑问词引 导的从句或“疑问句+不定式”的结构。如: m very interested in what you told me.我对你告诉我的事很感兴趣 He is thinking of how to organize the trip well 他在考虑如何组织好这次旅行。 t depends on when to start out.这要取决于什么时候出发 个别介词,如:but, except可跟不定式作宾语。如 If I cannot do it by myself, there will be nothing for it but to ask for help [注]我如果一个人干不了,那就只好请人帮助了 The medicine had no effect except to make me sleepy 这种药除了使我发困以外,别的什么效果都没有。 ②个别介词,如 besides,but, except, in等可跟that引导的从句作宾语 但也可将此看做是习惯用语。如 besides that(除…以外) but that(若非……) except that(除了……) in that(在于,因为) Lets go swimming in that you are interested in it 既然你对游