Unit17 动词语态-郑天生中学英语语法

郑天生中学英语语法 English Grammar ◆Unt17动词语态 7-1动词语态概述 英语中的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的,用来表明主语与谓语动 词之间的关系。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 ①主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如 Many people speak English.许多人讲英语。 (谓语 speak是由主语 many people来执行的 ②被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如 English is spoken by many people.英语被许多人讲 (主语 English不是动词 speak的执行者,而是它的承受者 在动词语态这一单元里,被动语态是学习的重点。 17-2被动语态的构成 被动语态通常由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成,可用于各种 时态。如: Cell phones are widely used in the world 手机在全世界被广泛地使用。(一般现在时) The door was found closed.门被发现关着。(一般过去时 He will be sent to prison.他将被关进监狱。(一般将来时) This question is being discussed at the meeting 会上正在讨论这个问题。(现在进行时 Some friends of hers have been asked to join us 她的一些朋友被邀请加入到了我们当中。(现在完成时 Our classrooms and labs were being cleaned at that time 那时我们的教室和实验室正被打扫。(过去进行时) The problem had been solved by the end of last month 这个难题到上月底已经被解决了。(过去完成时) He said that the article would have been finished by six o'clock 他说这篇文章将在6点前完成。(将来完成时) 1. The hero’ s story differently in the newspapers (高考2005年全国 A. was reported B. will phone 动词语 【答案选A】题意为:这位英雄的经历在报纸上用不同的方式给予报道主语soy与 动作 report构成动宾关系,所以须用被动语态。 2 Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, the Pacific and we met no storms (会考2005年辽宁) A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 题] 【答案选B】题意为:几个月前,我们在这片被称作太平洋的广阔海域上航行了 万海里,没有遇到风暴。这是一般现在时的被动语态,因为这是一个客观事实。 is called 意思是“被叫做"。 3. More than a dozen students in that school abroad to stud medicine last year (高考2005年上海 A sent B were sent C. had sent D had been sen 【答案选B】题意为:去年那所学校有十几名学生被送往国外学医。因句中主语more than a dozen students in that school与谓语动词send(派遣)之间具有逻辑上的被动 关系,故谓语动词须用被动语态,又因句末含有确切的过去时间状语 i last year,句中的 时态用一般过去时而非用过去完成时。 17-3主动语态变被动语态 ¨主+谓+宾”句型变为被动结构时,先将主动结构中的宾语变为被动 结构中的主语;然后将主动结构中谓语动词的主动语态变为被动语态;最 后在谓语动词的被动词态之后加by,再将主动结构中的主语置于介词by 之后。如 Rose opens the door.罗丝打开了门 The door is opened by Rose.门是罗丝打开的 They know that he is an expert.他们知道他是一位专家。 t is known that he is an expert.众所周知他是一位专家。 They say that the area is rich in oil!他们说这个地区盛产石油。 It is said that the area is rich in oil.据说这个地区盛产石油 I have never heard o