Unit7 助动词和情态动词-薄冰实用英语语法详解

Unit(7 助动词和情态动词 1助动词模述 助动词( Auxiliary Verb)本身没有词义,只是用来帮助主要动词构成各种时态、语 态以及否定和疑问结构。英语中的助动词主要有: Deen, being, am, are, Is, was, were; have. has, had shall. will. should. would do. does did 7-(2%助动词的基本用法 ①时态助动词有be,have, shall( should),wil( would,它们和非限定动词一起构成各 种时态和语态。如 We shall be there at10.我们10点到达那里。(由 shall be构成一般将来时) Ivan is writing a letter.伊凡在写信。(由is构成现在进行时) We shall be having rain, and nothing but rain 我们将会有没完没了的雨。(由sha构成将来进行时 Jerry had only just reached home when a man called to see him 杰瑞刚到家就有人找他。(由have构成过去完成时) ②由be构成被动语态。如 Jacob is not easily pleased.雅各布很难取悦。(一般现在时的被动式 These trees were planted last year.这些树是去年栽的。(一般过去时的被动式) An agreement will be arrived at soon 协议将会很快达成的。(一般将来时的被动式) My car has been repaired.我的车已经修好了。(现在完成时的被动式) 130 B BING GRAMMAR ⑧由were,had, should, would, should have, would have等构成虚拟语气。如: If I hadn't taken your advice, I 如果不是听了你的建议我就犯错误了 If Jesse were here, everything would be all right.如果杰西在,一切就都会好的 ④由do,does和did构成一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问结构。如: Do you have any questions?你们有问题吗? Does John like swimming?约翰喜欢游泳吗? Did you go to school yesterday?你昨天上学了吗? ⑤由 do not, does not和 did not构成一般现在时和一般过去时的否定结构。如 ldon' t know what to do.我不知道该做什么。 Tom does not like swimming.汤姆不喜欢游泳。 They didn' t take her advice.他们没有采纳她的建议。 助动词be 的形式 肯定式 否定式 第一人称单数 am am not 现在式第三人称单数 第二人称单复数和第一、三人称复数 are are not 过去式第 人称单数 第二人称单复数和第一、三人称复数 were were not 现在分词 g 过去分词 been not been 基本用法 ①与现在分词构成进行时态。如: He is reading.他在读书。(现在进行时) I'll be waiting for you there then.我到时在那儿等你。(将来进行时) Don't make so much noise. We to the music (宁夏中考题 A. are listening B listen C. listened D. have listened 【答案选A】Don' I make noise意为“不要吵闹”,说明后面的动作正在发生,所以用现在进行时be 的形式 ②与have及现在分词构成完成进行时态。如 What have you been doing these days?你这些天在干什么? ③与过去分词构成被动语态。如 131 薄冰(··)实用英语法详解 Is Lance taken good care of?兰斯被照顾得好吗?(一般现在时的被动语态 he ship was seriously damaged 那艘船受到了严重的破坏。(一般过去时的被动语态 They shall be punished.他们一定要受惩罚的 般将来时的被动语态 Another new library last month in my hometown (宁夏中考题 A. built B was built C. has been built D is built 【答案选B】新工厂