Unit3 单词、短语及句式-2021-2022学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 3课文重点单词、短语及重点句式

Part I 课文重点单词

1.host [həust] ① v. 主办，主持   ② n. 主人，东道主

【教材原句】Zhangjiakou, a beautiful city in northern China, will host the Youth Ski Race in December.

【高考真句】Guy Harvold, 24, had picked up the students and three course leaders from Gatwick Airport, and they were travelling to Bournemouth to meet their host family. （2017浙江）

【词性拓展】hostess n. 女主人

【常见搭配】host country 东道国，主办国

【练一练】完成句子。

1. The                             may impose foreign exchange control.

东道国则可能强行实施外汇管制。

2. The                            welcomed her friends at the door.

 

2. sweat [swet]   ① vt. 使出汗 ② vi. 流汗 ③ n.汗水

【教材原句】Sweat your way to good health.

【高考真句】I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself. (2018北京)

Earn your bread with your sweat. (2016浙江)

【词性拓展】sweater n. 毛线衣，运动衫   sweaty adj. 出汗的，吃力的

【常见搭配】cold sweat 冷汗

【练一练】句子翻译。

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她的手和脖子开始流汗。

 

3. determination [diˌtəːmiˈneiʃən] n. 决心，决定

【教材原句】When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup, her determination was tested.

【高考真句】Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. (2015 安徽)

【词性拓展】

determine vt.&vi. (使)下决心，(使)做出决定

determined adj. 坚定的，毅然的

【常见搭配】

the determination to do sth. 做某事的决心

be determined to do sth. 决心做某事

【练一练】请用determine, determined, determination填空。

1. This made Hannah very sad, and even more_____________to do somthing. (2017北京)

2. The Baltic（波罗的海） people have a right to_____________their own future.

3.The failure only strengthened our_____________.

 

4. injured [ˈindʒəd] adj. 受伤的，有伤的

【教材原句】One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.

【高考真句】I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.

【词性拓展】injure vt. 使受伤，损害 injury n. 伤害，损害

【常见搭配】be seriously/slightly injured 受重/轻伤

【练一练】请用injury, injure, injured填空。

1. Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she_____________he neck. (2016全国卷)

2. These chemicals come from the_____________parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. （2017全国卷）

3. As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent_____________. (2019天津)

 

5. strength  [streŋθ] n. 力量，体力

【教材原句】Jordan’s skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique.

【高考真句】It is an opportunity to be social, release endorphins(内啡肽), and improve your strength.(2015福建)

【词性拓展】strengthen v. 加强，巩固

【常见搭配】physical strength 体力   strengthen the awareness 强化意识

【练一练】句子翻译。

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我们应该定期锻炼以增强体质。

 

6. compete    [kəmˈpiːt]   vi. 竞争，对抗

【教材原句】An athlete should think about honor and his fans if he is competing for his country.

【高考真句】…suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.

( 2018江苏)

【词性拓展】competition n. 竞争，比赛    competitor n. 竞争者，对手 

      competitive adj. 竞争的，比赛的

【常见搭配】compete in sth. 参加某项比赛   compete with/against sb./sth. 与……竞争

      compete for 为……而竞争

【练一练】请用competition, compete, competitor, competitive填空。

1. They will_____________for prizes totalling nearly $3,000.

2. The winners of the_____________will be announced（公布）next month.

3. Working in such a_____________industry, I have sometimes thought I can't do this any more. (2017天津)

4. China is a_____________to the west and America in particular.

 

7. pretend [priˈtend] v. 假装，装扮

【教材原句】A soccer palyer should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his team.

【高考真句】I ’m not suggesting you ignore problems, or that you pretend things are better than they are.

【常见搭配】pretend to do sth. 假装做某事   sb. pretend (that)…… 某人假装……

【练一练】句子翻译。

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他假装开心， 但是事实上他很难过。

 

8. diet [ˈdaiət] ①n. 日常饮食 ②vi. 节食

【教材原句】I worried about my weight and try every new diet I read about online.

【高考真句】By eating more fast food, people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国卷)

【经典例句】The sauce(酱汁) is thick and rich so don’t bother trying to diet.(柯林斯)

【常见搭配】

balanced and healthy diet 均衡健康饮食 be on a diet 节食

【练一练】句子翻译。

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研究显示，素食（vegetarian）是一种健康均衡的饮食。 

 

9. compare [kəmˈpeə] v. 比较，比喻

【教材原句】Finally, I  stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body.

【高考真句】Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress(强调) his importance in literature.

【经典例句】Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把人世比作舞台。

【词性拓展】comparision n. 比较，对照 comparative adj. 比较(上)的

【常见搭配】

compare A with/to B 把A和B作比较

compare A to B 把A比作B

【练一练】句子翻译。

____________________________________________________________________________

把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。

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人们经常把小孩比喻成快乐的小鸟。

 

Part 02短语精讲