UNIT 2 Period Ⅴ 单元语法（word教参）-【优化探究】2021-2022学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册配套教参（北师大版）

Period Ⅴ　单元语法 动名词 ①Learning English is a hard job. ②It is no use crying over spilt milk! ③Li Li is considering changing her job at present. ④Our job is playing all kinds of music. ⑤The falling leaves in the wind look like beautiful butterflies around the flowers. [自我探究] 动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、定语和宾语等，其中①②在句中作主语；③在句中作宾语；④作表语；⑤作定语。 一、动名词的作用 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 1．作主语 (1)动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。 Swimming is my favorite sport. 游泳是我最喜欢的一项运动。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 集邮是他的爱好。 　[名师指津]　动名词和不定式都可以作主语。动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次的行为；不定式作主语往往表示具体动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指) Be careful! To play with fire will be dangerous.小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作) (2)在 It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time/fun等后需用动名词作真正的主语。 It's no use/useless waiting for him any longer. 再等他是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 争论此事是在浪费时间。 (3)当句型“There is no ...”表示不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在时，需用动名词作主语。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 2．作宾语 (1)作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记住： 避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone) 建议完成多练习(advise, finish, practice) 喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can't help) 承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy) 逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse) 忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind) Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗子吗？ (2)英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动名词作宾语。常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有insist on, object to, be good at, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, be devoted to, get used to, pay attention to, be worth等。 He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 I have never dreamed of visiting that place. 我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。 (3)有些动词或词组后跟动名词或不定式都可以，但意思不同。 3．作表语 动名词作表语时句子的主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容、主语、表语可互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows. ＝Cleaning the windows is your task. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 What I hate most is being laughed at. ＝Being laughed at is what I hate most. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 4．作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。 a walking stick＝a stick for walking＝a stick which is used for walking a washing machine＝a machine for washing＝a machine which is used for washing a reading roo