UNIT 1 Period Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1（word教参）-【优化探究】2021-2022学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册配套教参（北师大版）

导语：生活中，我们会遇到各种各样的人，如何确定一个人是不是值得信任呢？研究人员做了一个实验，发现内疚倾向性格的人更值得信任。内疚倾向性格能驱使人的行为更加合乎道德，具有责任感。所以看一个人后悔时的表现以及通过让他描述一个两难事件，就可以确定这个人是否可靠。 Throughout our daily lives, we have known plenty of people and will know more.But how can we tell if someone is trustworthy? In a paper published recently in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, researchers gave us the answer. The researchers asked 401 adults from the United States to fill out a questionnaire measuring their guilt­proneness in different situations as well as several other qualities, and then play a short online game.In this game, Player 1 is given $1, which they can choose to give to Player 2.Any money given to Player 2 is then automatically increased to $2.50.Player 2 can then decide whether to keep all of the money or behave in a trustworthy way by returning a portion of the money to Player 1.The researchers found more guilt­prone people were more likely to share the money with Player 1.Actually, in follow­up studies, guilt­proneness predicted trustworthiness better than other personality qualities the researchers measured. Why might guilt lead to trustworthy behavior? The researchers found people who were guilt­prone also reported feeling an obligation to act in ethical and responsible ways while interacting with their partners in the game.People who are guilt­prone tend to avoid engaging in behaviours that may harm or disappoint others.If they do something bad, guilt encourages them to try to make things right again. Then, how can we use this research to ascertain whether someone is trustworthy? “One way to do this might be observe how they respond to experience regret.” lead author Emma Levine, assistant professor at the University of Chicago, explains.Another way is to ask them to describe a difficult dilemma they faced in the past, suggests co­author Taya Cohen, associate professor at Carnegie Mellon University.This is particularly effective, Cohen and her colleagues have found, because it allows us t