Unit 1 Relationships（重难词汇精练）英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦“Relationships”主题词汇，构建从基础词形转换到语篇综合应用的递进训练体系，强化语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词性转换|30题|词形变化（名动/形副转换等）|从词根拓展词族，建立词性关联| |核心短语|15题|固定搭配补全|聚焦高频短语，强化语境运用| |重点单词|20题|词义识记与辨析|围绕主题筛选核心词汇，夯实基础| |单句语法填空|30题|词汇在语法语境中的变形|连接词形与语法规则，提升应用准确性| |单词拼写|10题|语境中词汇拼写|强化拼写规范，巩固词汇记忆| |完成句子|10题|词汇在句子中的灵活运用|衔接单词语法与句子结构，提升表达能力| |语篇语法填空|2篇|语篇中词汇语法综合应用|从单句到语篇，培养上下文词汇运用能力| |应用文写作|1题|邀请信写作|词汇在真实交际场景中的综合输出|

Unit 1 Relationships重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、词性转换 1 二、核心短语 1 三、重点单词 2 四、单句语法填空 2 五、单词拼写 6 六、完成句子 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1.practical adj.实际的；实践的；切实可行的→practice n.实践；实际行动；通常的做法；惯例 2.presentation n.报告；陈述，说明→present把……交给；颁发；授予；显示，表现 3.behaviour n.行为，举止→behave v.表现；表现得体 4.access n.进入；接触的机会→accessible adj.可到达的；可接近的；可进入的；可使用的 5.educationalist n.教育(学)家→education n.教育 6.incredible adj.难以置信的；极好的→credible adj.可信的；可靠的 7.occasionally adv.偶尔；偶然→occasional adj.偶然的→occasion n.时机；机会；场合 8.emotional adj.情感上的；情绪上的→emotion n.情感；情绪 9.extremely adv.极度，极其→extreme adj.极度的；极大的 10.preference n.偏爱，偏好→prefer v.较喜欢；喜欢……多于…… 11.ashamed adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的→shame n.羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的；厚颜的 12.intention n.意图，目的；打算→intend v.打算 13.demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的→demand n.要求；所需之物v.强烈要求；需要 14.effective adj.有效的→effect n.效应；影响；结果 15.humour n.幽默感→humorous adj.幽默的 16.constantly adv.持续不断地→constant adj.持续不断的 17.barely adv.几乎不→bare adj.裸体的；裸露的 18.reserved adj.含蓄的；内敛的→reserve v.预订，预约n.内向；寡言少语；矜持 19.distracted adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的→distract v.转移(注意力)；分散(思想)；使分心 20.reality n.现实；真实→realize v.理解；领会；认识到 21.complain vi.&vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚→complaint n.抱怨；不满 22.appointment n.约定；约会→appoint vt.约定；任命 23.alcoholic n.酗酒者，嗜酒成瘾者 adj.(含)酒精的→alcohol n.酒精 24.associate vt.与某人交往→association n.联系 25.depressed adj.沮丧的，忧愁的→depress v.使抑郁；使沮丧→depression n.抑郁；沮丧 26.invitation n.邀请→invite vt.邀请 27.organise vt.组织，筹划→organisation n.组织 28.innovation n.革新，创新→innovate v.革新，创新 29.competitor n.选手，参赛者→compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n.竞争→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的 30.fluency n.流畅，熟练→fluent adj.流畅的，熟练的 题型二、核心短语 1.for the first time　初次，第一次 2.pour into 投入　(倒)……于某物 3.a couple of 一双，一对 4.used to 过去经常，曾经 5.add up to 总计为 6.set off (使)爆炸；引发(爆炸)；出发 7.set up 建立 8.make friends with 和……交朋友 9.make sure 确保 10.have access to 有……的机会；可以进入/接近 11.look forward to　盼望 12.take care of 照顾 13.a series of 一系列的 14.pass away 去世，离世 15.all the time 总是，一直 题型三、重点单词 1.angle n.　角 2.rocket n. 火箭 3.pour vt. 灌，注，倒 4.fuel n. 燃料 5.lack vt. 缺乏 6.drag vt. 拖，拉 7.worthwhile adj. 值得做的；重要的；有益的 8.trait n.特性，品质 9.sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的 10.passionate adj. 热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的 11.outgoing adj. 外向的，好交际的 12.secondary adj. 中等教育；中级的；次要的 13.host vt. 主办；做……的东道主n. 主人；主持人 14.grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的 15.handle vt. 处理(难题) ；应付(局面) 16.upset vt. 使生气，使心烦意乱 adj. 烦恼的，心烦意乱的 17.raise vt. 提出，提起 18.highlight vt. 标出；突出显示 19.manner n. 方式，方法 20.dorm n.　寝室，学生宿舍 题型四、单句语法填空 1．He had the   (intend) to travel abroad after graduation. 【答案】intention 【详解】句意：他打算毕业后出国旅行。设空处位于定冠词the之后，应用名词形式作had的宾语，intend为动词，意为“打算”，其名词形式为intention，意为“意图，打算”。 2．It is (extreme) important to keep a positive attitude when facing difficulties. 【答案】extremely 【详解】句意：面对困难时保持积极心态极为重要。此处修饰形容词important，应用副词作状语，extreme是形容词，其副词形式为extremely，表示“极其，非常”。 3．Teachers need to be (sense) to the development level of each student so as to help them better. 【答案】sensitive 【详解】句意：教师需要对每个学生的发展水平保持敏感，才能更好地帮助他们。根据句意可知，此处意为“对……敏感”，故应用形容词“sensitive敏感的”在句中作表语。 4．The historical documents (belong) to the 18th century are now preserved in a climate-controlled room. 【答案】belonging 【详解】句意：这些属于18世纪的历史文件现在被保存在一间恒温恒湿的房间内。句中已有谓语“are preserved”，故此处应用非谓语动词。“documents”与“belong”之间为主动关系，且“belong to”无被动形式，因此用现在分词短语“belonging to the 18th century”作后置定语。 5．Her (fluent) impressed all the interviewers. 【答案】fluency 【详解】句意：她流利的口才给所有面试官留下了深刻印象。空格前为形容词性物主代词Her，后需接名词在句中作主语。所给词fluent是形容词，意为“流利的”；其名词形式fluency表示“流利，流畅”，为不可数名词。 6．People who love nature will (occasional) go hiking in the mountains to enjoy fresh air. 【答案】occasionally 【详解】句意：热爱大自然的人偶尔会去山里徒步，呼吸新鲜空气。修饰动词go hiking，用副词occasionally作状语。 7．Maybe you’re one of those who take off sweaters when others, (complain) that it’s cold, are still wearing them.   【答案】complaining 【详解】句意：你可能是这类人之一，当别人抱怨天冷、仍穿着毛衣时，你却脱掉毛衣。从句中已有谓语动词are wearing，complain(抱怨)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语others之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。 8．Time is tight and we had to work extra hours to finish the (demand) task. 【答案】demanding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：时间紧迫，我们不得不加班完成这项要求苛刻的任务。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词task；demand的形容词为demanding，表示“要求高的，苛刻的”，符合语境。故填demanding。 9．The committee gave their final (approve) to the new policy after a long debate. 【答案】approval 【详解】考查名词。句意：经过长时间的辩论，委员会最终批准了这项新政策。空处作gave的宾语，应填名词approval，表示“批准，认可”。故填approval。 10．Much to our relief, Jenny’s illness proved not to be as serious as we (fear). 【答案】had feared 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：令我们大为宽慰的是，珍妮的病情证明不像我们之前担心的那么严重。“担心”这个动作发生在“病情被证明”之前，“病情被证明”是过去的动作，那么“担心”就是过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”，fear的过去分词是feared。故填had feared。 11．Our company needs to lower the price because our main (compete) has just introduced a similar product at a much lower cost. 【答案】competitor 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们公司需要降低价格，因为我们的主要竞争对手刚刚推出了一款成本更低的类似产品。本空为because引导的原因状语从句的主语，用名词competitor“竞争对手”，根据谓语动词has可知，主语应为单数形式。故填competitor。 12．They have strong (prefer) for using smart home appliances to make their lives easier and healthier. 【答案】preference 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们非常倾向于使用智能家居设备，以使自己的生活更加便捷和健康。作动词的宾语，用名词preference，此处表示抽象概念，是不可数名词。故填preference。 13．The plum trees are the (one) to flower even as the snow is melting (融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. 【答案】first 【详解】考查序数词。句意：梅花树是第一批开花的植物，哪怕积雪还在融化。它们象征着春天的希望和生命的复苏。此处用序数词first，构成固定结构the first to do sth.，表示“第一个做某事的（人或物）”。故填first。 14．Li Bai’s poetry is famous for its vivid imagination and strong (emotion) expression. 【答案】emotional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：李白的诗歌以生动的想象力和强烈的情感表达而闻名。提示词修饰名词expression，用形容词emotional作定语，表示“情感的”。故填emotional。 15．Learning that he had some trouble with maths, I offered him some (practice) tips without delay. 【答案】practical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：得知他在数学上遇到困难，我立即给他提供了一些实用的建议。空格修饰名词tips（建议），需要用形容词。practice（名词 / 动词）其形容词为practical意为 “实用的”，满足句意要求。故填practical。 16．The little girl is always the first student (raise) her hand to answer questions in English class. 【答案】to raise 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个小女孩在英语课上总是第一个举手回答问题的学生。“(raise) her hand to answer...”作后置定语修饰名词student，且当名词前有序数词修饰时，后面常用动词不定式作后置定语，这里student前有the first修饰，用不定式to raise作后置定语。故填to raise。 17．Experts recommended that measures (take) to prevent air pollution. 【答案】(should) be taken 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：专家建议采取措施防止空气污染。此处宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，故填(should) be taken。 18．With so many urgent tasks (handle) before the deadline, the manager had to cancel all her personal appointments for the week. 【答案】to handle 【详解】考查不定式。句意：由于在截止日期之前有这么多紧急的任务要处理，经理不得不取消本周所有的私人约会。此处是with复合结构，由had to cancel all her personal appointments for the week可知，此处表示“有这么多紧急的任务要处理”，因此空格处用不定式表将来，是不定式的主动表被动。故填to handle。 19．Being a (passion) young man, he can perform his duties wonderfully. 【答案】passionate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：作为一个充满激情的年轻人，他能出色地履行自己的职责。设空处修饰名词young man作定语，表示“充满激情的”，应用形容词passionate。故填passionate。 20．Today, however, I received a horrible surprise. A classmate told me she (see) my friend chatting with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon. 【答案】had seen 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：然而，今天，我收到了一个可怕的意外。一个同学告诉我星期六下午她看到我的朋友和另一个女孩在咖啡馆聊天。题干中主句时态为一般过去时（received），从句动作“see（看见）”发生在主句动作“told（告知）”之前 —— 即“过去的过去”，符合过去完成时（had + 过去分词）的用法场景（表示在过去某个动作之前已完成的动作）。故填had seen。 21．Mr. Wang (attend) the conference before he visited New York. 【答案】had attended 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：王先生在访问纽约之前已经参加了会议。空处作主句的谓语，根据“before he visited New York”可知， 时态应用过去完成时，描述过去的过去发生的行为。故填had attended。 22．She felt (shame) of herself for lying to her parents about her exam results.   【答案】ashamed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她因为考试成绩对父母撒谎而感到羞愧。“felt”是系动词，用形容词ashamed作表语，意为“感到羞愧，感到羞耻”，表明主语的心理状态；be/feel ashamed of“对……感到羞愧”。故填ashamed。 23．Last night, I (intend) to be fully addicted to my book, but found myself disturbed (打扰) by noises from my neighbour upstairs. 【答案】had intended 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：昨晚，我本打算专心看书，却发现自己被楼上邻居的噪音打扰了。此处为谓语动词，根据“but found myself disturbed (打扰) by noises from my neighbour upstairs”可知，此处为“had intended to do sth.”，表示“本打算做某事（但实际未做成）”，强调“打算”这一动作发生在“被打扰”之前，符合“计划看书却被干扰”的语境。故填had intended。 24．The technology in this field is (constant) updating, so we must keep learning. 【答案】constantly 【详解】考查副词。句意：该领域的技术在不断地更新，因此我们必须坚持学习。此处修饰动词is updating，需用副词constantly“不断地”，作状语。故填constantly。 25．Our income has gotten smaller, so we must be (real) and sell our car. 【答案】realistic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们的收入越来越少了，所以我们必须现实一点，卖掉我们的车。空处作表语，结合“Our income has got smaller”可知，形容词realistic符合题意，意为“现实的，实际的，实事求是的”。故填realistic。 26．He gave a （humor) account of their trip to Spain. 【答案】humorous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他以幽默的口吻描述了他们去西班牙的旅行。give an account of...是固定短语，意为“讲述/描述（某事的经过或情况）”。account 为名词，空处需填形容词作定语修饰account。故填humorous。 27．She will be very grateful (know) what you have done for her. 【答案】to know 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她会非常感激你为她所做的一切。be grateful to do sth.是固定短语，形容词grateful后接不定式表示原因，意为“因……而感激”。故填to know。 28．I wrote a letter of (complain), and the manager has promised to look into the matter. 【答案】complaint 【详解】考查名词。句意：我写了一封投诉信，经理答应调查此事。空处位于介词of后，需填名词形式。complain为动词，其名词形式为complaint，不可数。故填complaint。 29．Machines with specific purposes are (associate) with living things partly because they might be able to prevent themselves from being destroyed. 【答案】associated 【详解】考查形容词。句意：具有特定用途的机器与生物存在联系，部分原因在于它们或许能够避免自身遭到破坏。作表语，用形容词associated，be associated with“与……有关”。故填associated。 30．Having friends means that you will have someone to talk to so that you won’t feel lonely and (depress). 【答案】depressed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有朋友意味着你会有人可以倾诉，这样你就不会感到孤独和沮丧。空处和lonely并列，作feel的表语，所以用形容词。depressed意为“沮丧的”。故填depressed。 题型五、单词拼写 31．As she was busy with her work，she refused my ________（邀请）to the tea party. 【答案】invitation 【详解】句意：她正忙于她的工作，她拒绝了去茶会的邀请。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词，结合已给信息可知，故填invitation。 32．China is a developing country ________ (属于) to the third world. 【答案】belonging 【详解】句意：中国属于第三世界发展中国家。已有谓语动词is，表示“属于”用动词belong，belong to“属于”是固定搭配，在句中作非谓语动词，a developing country与belong to之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。 33．She _________(抱怨) that no one had been at the airport to meet her. 【答案】complained 【详解】句意：她抱怨说没有人在机场接她。句子指过去的事，所以用一般过去时态，故答案为complained。 34．Mr. Brown praised Tom for his excellent ______ (行为) during the school trip. 【答案】behaviour/behavior 【详解】句意：布朗先生表扬汤姆在校游期间表现出的良好行为。根据汉语提示“行为”可知，空处应用名词behaviour/behavior，作宾语。 35．After graduating from university, she decided to become a teacher and has been a ______ (热爱的) educator ever since. 【答案】passionate 【详解】句意：大学毕业后，她决定成为一名教师，从那以后一直是一名热爱教育的教育工作者。根据汉语提示“热爱的”可知，空处应用形容词passionate修饰名词educator。 36．The view from the top of the mountain was absolutely ______ (极好的) and made the long climb worthwhile. 【答案】incredible 【详解】句意：从山顶眺望四周，景色简直令人惊叹不已，这使得漫长的攀登之旅也变得十分值得了。根据汉语提示可知用形容词incredible ，作表语。 37．He’s __________ (敏感的) and rather serious, which makes him appear to be a little bookish. 【答案】sensitive 【详解】句意：他相当敏感且性格内敛，这使得他看起来有点书呆子气。根据汉语提示可知用形容词sensitive，作表语。 38．It is very important to learn some ________ (切实可行的；实践的) first aid knowledge. 【答案】practical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：学习一些切实可行的急救知识是非常重要的。根据汉语提示“切实可行的；实践的”以及后文“first aid knowledge”可知，此处应用形容词practical作定语修饰名词。故填practical。 39．We ________ (真诚) hope that WWF can play a role in protecting this endangered species. 【答案】sincerely 【详解】考查副词。句意：我们真诚地希望世界自然基金会能在保护这种濒危物种方面发挥作用。副词sincerely，在句中作状语，修饰动词hope。故填sincerely。 40．Our school is organizing a charity event to ________ (筹集) money for children in poor areas. 【答案】raise 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们学校正在组织一场慈善活动，为贫困地区的儿童筹集资金。根据汉语提示“筹集”可知，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。故填raise。 题型六、完成句子 41．我突然意识到我把钥匙落在家里了。 It suddenly ________________ me that I left my keys at home. 【答案】 occurred to 【详解】考查固定句型和动词时态。对比中英文句子可知，“某人突然意识到……”是固定句型It occurs to sb. that...，句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，occur的过去式为occurred；第二空为固定搭配中的介词to。故填①occurred； ②to。 42．It was ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ I walked home. 那天天气很好，所以我步行回家了。 【答案】 so lovely a day that 【详解】考查结果状语从句。表示“如此……以至于……”，用“so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词+that...”的结构，so...that...引导结果状语从句。so后接形容词或副词，表示“宜人的，美好的”，用形容词lovely，意为修饰名词day“天”，day为以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填so lovely a day that。 43．This rope is ________ ________ ________ ________ that one. 这根绳子比那根长三倍。/这根绳子是那根的四倍长。 【答案】 three times longer than 【详解】考查倍数表达法。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“比……长三倍（即是……的四倍长）”应用 three times longer than，为“倍数 + 形容词比较级 + than”的固定倍数结构，three times表示“三倍”，longer为long的比较级，than引导比较对象，符合“对比两根绳子长度”的语境。故填three times longer than。 44．He ____________________________________ doing so little work. 他因只干了一点儿活而感到惭愧。 【答案】felt ashamed of 【详解】考查形容词和动词时态。根据句意，此处表示“因……而感到惭愧”，需用固定搭配“feel ashamed of (doing) sth.”，其中“ashamed”是形容词，表“感到惭愧的”，句子描述过去发生的感受，时态用一般过去时，feel的过去式为felt。故填felt ashamed of。 45．My new classmate is active and __________________. 我的新同学非常活跃，对生活积极乐观。 【答案】positive about life 【详解】考查形容词短语。“对……积极乐观”作表语，可用形容词短语positive about…， 宾语“生活”用名词life。故填positive about life。 46．It is a pity that ________________. 你这么粗心，真可惜。 【答案】you (should) be so careless 【详解】考查含有should的虚拟语气的用法。空处表示“你这么粗心”用you should be so careless，表示情感上的惊讶，should在此处表示“竟然会”的意外语气，属于虚拟语气用法，should可以省略。故填you (should) be so careless。 47．It is necessary that ________________________ every day. 我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。 【答案】we (should) clean the room 【详解】考查短语和虚拟语气。it is+adj.+that...是固定句型，it是形式主语，that引导主语从句，且从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略；主语为we；表示“打扫房间”用clean the room，故填we (should) clean the room。 48．________________________ we will pass the exam. 我们一定会通过考试的。 【答案】It is certain that 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。“一定”用固定句型it is certain that，后接从句，描述一般事实，用一般现在时。句首单词首字母大写，故填It is certain that。 49．________________ and drank it up. 他把牛奶从瓶子里倒入玻璃杯，然后喝光了。 【答案】He poured milk out of the bottle into the glass 【详解】考查词汇，时态及句子结构。结合句意，空上需要表达“他把牛奶从瓶子里倒入玻璃杯”，应使用代词he作主语，动词短语pour...out of...into...，与后面drank并列，应使用一般过去时态；名词milk作pour的宾语，the bottle作out of的宾语，the glass作into的宾语。故填He poured milk out of the bottle into the glass。 50．____________________________________ are not reasonable. 这两个答案并不都是合理的。 【答案】Both of the two answers 【详解】考查不定代词和主谓一致。根据句意“这两个答案并不都是合理的”，应使用不定代词“both”的部分否定用法，即“both...not...”表示“并非两者都……”，both后需接介词of引出具体对象，“这两个答案”译为the two answers作宾语，位于句首单词首字母需大写。故填Both of the two answers。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （25-26高二上·广东揭阳·阶段检测）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xie Lei, a 19-year-old Chinese business student, boarded a plane for London six months ago to participate in a year-long exchange programme. It was the first time she 1 (leave) China, and she felt both excited and nervous. With the ambition to set up a business in China after graduation, she aimed to learn about 2 (globe) business and improve her English through this valuable overseas experience. 3 (face) a new environment, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. She chose to live with a host family, 4 comforted her when she missed home and helped with her adaptation. In her studies, she encountered 5 challenge of meeting academic requirements. When writing essays, she was told by her tutor to acknowledge 6 others had said if citing their ideas, but he mainly wanted to know her own opinion. Additionally, many courses included students’ 7 (participate) in class as part of the final result, requiring her to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and give presentations. Although 8 (initial) unsure, she found herself speaking up after just a few weeks, and her presentation on traditional Chinese art proved a great success, significantly boosting her confidence. Beyond academics, she engaged 9 British culture and social activities, acting as a cultural messenger eager to share her culture with locals. Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal. Her experience highlights how studying abroad not only promotes academic and personal growth but also builds bridges between cultures, 10 (turn) challenges into opportunities for deeper understanding and self-development. 【答案】 1．had left 2．global 3．Facing 4．who 5．the 6．what 7．participation 8．initially 9．in 10．turning 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了19岁的中国学生Xie Lei参加英国交流项目的经历。她克服了思乡、学业挑战，适应了新环境，并在文化交流中成长。经历使她更自信，体会到留学对个人和文化的益处。 1．考查时态。句意：这是她第一次离开中国，她既兴奋又紧张。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句型“It was the first time that...”，that从句中的谓语动词需用过去完成时，表示“这是某人第一次做某事”，所以此处使用过去完成时had left。故填had left。 2．考查形容词。句意：毕业后，她立志在中国创业，希望通过这次宝贵的海外经历了解全球商业，提高英语水平。此处修饰名词business，需用形容词global“全球的”作定语。故填global。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：面对新的环境，Xie Lei不得不适应在异国他乡的生活。句中已有谓语动词had to adapt，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，face和逻辑主语Xie Lei为主谓关系，需用现在分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Facing。 4．考查定语从句。句意：她选择和一个寄宿家庭住在一起，当她想家时，寄宿家庭会安慰她，帮助她适应。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a host family，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 5．考查冠词。句意：在学习上，她遇到了满足学术要求的挑战。此处特指“满足学术要求的挑战”，需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：在写论文时，她的导师告诉她，如果引用别人的观点，要承认别人说了什么，但他主要想知道她自己的观点。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 7．考查名词。句意：此外，许多课程都将学生的课堂参与作为最终成绩的一部分，要求她提出想法、提供例子、应用概念和进行展示。此处作动词included的宾语，需用名词participation“参与”，不可数名词。故填participation。 8．考查副词。句意：虽然一开始不确定，但几周后她发现自己主动发言了，她关于中国传统艺术的演讲取得了巨大成功，极大地增强了她的信心。此处修饰形容词unsure，需用副词initially“最初”作状语。故填initially。 9．考查介词。句意：除了学业之外，她还参与了英国文化和社会活动，作为一名文化使者，渴望与当地人分享她的文化。此处构成固定短语engage in，意为“参与”，空处需填介词in。故填in。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：她的经历突显了出国留学不仅促进学术和个人成长，还能在文化之间架起桥梁，将挑战转化为更深入理解和自我发展的机会。句中已有谓语动词highlights，空处需填非谓语动词作结果状语，需用现在分词形式。故填turning。 （25-26高二上·湖北武汉·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Our school has a tradition of organizing annual Labor Day, a day that 1 (devote) to teaching us the value of physical work. This year, we went to a farm. To be honest, a day off would have been my 2 (prefer), as opposed to doing farm chores under the hot sun. Tasks 3 (give), my classmates immediately got down to work while I backed off and 4 (seek) excuses to avoid any assignments. For a moment, I sat watching my classmates with an 5 (amuse) look, as they struggled awkwardly with the tools. But it didn’t take long 6 I felt ashamed 7 doing nothing. Slowly, I picked up a shovel and joined them. My initial reluctance melted away with each swing of the shovel. Soon afterwards, a sense of satisfaction struck me 8 instant I saw a patch of wasteland entirely transformed into a neat vegetable bed. The day concluded with an award ceremony, where the prize I looked forward to 9 (announce) — it went to our monitor, who had worked tirelessly from the beginning till the end. As for me, I made a sincere 10 (apologize) for my laziness and came to the realization that the true value of labor lies in contribution and creation. 【答案】 1．is devoted 2．preference 3．given 4．sought 5．amused 6．before 7．of 8．the 9．was announced 10．apology 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者参加学校劳动节活动，从逃避到参与并领悟劳动价值的过程。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：我们学校有组织年度劳动节的传统，这一天致力于教我们体力劳动的价值。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，that指代先行词a day，在定语从句中作主语，与devote为被动关系，且根据has可知，句子使用一般现在时，即一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用is。故填is devoted。 2．考查名词。句意：说实话，比起在烈日下做农活，我更想休息一天。空处作表语，表示“偏爱”，应用名词preference，此处为不可数名词，作表语。故填preference。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：任务分配后，我的同学们立即开始工作，而我却退缩了，找借口逃避任何任务。空处作非谓语动词，逻辑主语Tasks与give为被动关系，应用过去分词形式given，与空前的Tasks构成独立主格结构。故填given。 4．考查时态。句意：任务分配后，我的同学们立即开始工作，而我却退缩了，找借口逃避任何任务。空处和got down to work并列作谓语，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填sought。 5．考查形容词。句意：有那么一刻，我带着一种好笑的表情看着我的同学们，因为他们笨拙地摆弄着工具。空处修饰名词look，应用形容词amused“感到好笑的”，作定语。故填amused。 6．考查固定句型。句意：但没过多久，我就为无所事事而感到羞愧。it didn’t take long before...为固定句型，表示“没过多久就……”。故填before。 7．考查介词。句意：但没过多久，我就为无所事事而感到羞愧。feel ashamed of doing sth.为固定短语，表示“为做某事感到羞愧”。故填of。 8．考查状语从句。句意：不久之后，当我看到一片荒地完全变成了一个整洁的菜地时，一种满足感涌上心头。空处引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，应用the instant引导。故填the。 9．考查时态和语态。句意：这一天以颁奖典礼结束，我期待的奖项被宣布了——它颁给了我们的班长，他从始至终不知疲倦地工作。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，that指代先行词the prize，在定语从句中作宾语，与announce为被动关系，且根据concluded和looked可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was announced。 10．考查名词。句意：至于我，我为我的懒惰真诚地道歉，并意识到劳动的真正价值在于贡献和创造。空处作宾语，应用名词apology，make an apology for为固定短语，表示“为……道歉”。故填apology。 题型二、应用文写作 （25-26高二下·浙江温州·期末）假定你是李华，你校的交换生Tom对中国的民间艺术很感兴趣，本周五学校将要举办“校园文化节”（The Campus Culture Festival）活动，请你写一封电子邮件，邀请Tom去体验编织艺术，内容包括： 2．提出邀请并简述原因； 3．活动的时间、地点和内容； 4．期待对方的回复。 注意：1．词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：weaving art编织艺术；weaving artworks编织工艺品 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One Possible Version: Dear Tom, The Campus Culture Festival will be hosted this Friday. Since you have a strong passion for Chinese folk art, it’s a great pleasure for me to invite you to join us. The activity is scheduled to be held from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. in the school hall. Not only can we appreciate weaving works, but also we’ll watch the documentary. In addition, some distinguished professors will be invited to deliver a lecture, during which time you will gain a better understanding of it. I hope you can take my invitation into consideration. Your timely reply will be highly appreciated. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】题目要求考生以李华身份写邮件，邀请交换生Tom参加校园文化节体验编织艺术。 1.词汇积累 热情：passion→ enthusiasm 安排：schedule→ arrange 欣赏：appreciate→ admire 考虑：consideration→ account 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：The Campus Culture Festival will be hosted this Friday. Since you have a strong passion for Chinese folk art, it’s a great pleasure for me to invite you to join us. 拓展句：As the Campus Culture Festival will be hosted this Friday and you have a strong passion for Chinese folk art, it’s a great pleasure for me to invite you to join us. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Since you have a strong passion for Chinese folk art, it’s a great pleasure for me to invite you to join us. (运用了Since引导的原因状语从句) 【高分句型2】In addition, some distinguished professors will be invited to deliver a lecture, during which time you will gain a better understanding of it. (运用了“介词during+which”引导的非限制性定语从句) 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Relationships重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、词性转换 1 二、核心短语 1 三、重点单词 2 四、单句语法填空 2 五、单词拼写 6 六、完成句子 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1.practical adj.实际的；实践的；切实可行的→ n.实践；实际行动；通常的做法；惯例 2.presentation n.报告；陈述，说明→ 把……交给；颁发；授予；显示，表现 3.behaviour n.行为，举止→ v.表现；表现得体 4.access n.进入；接触的机会→ adj.可到达的；可接近的；可进入的；可使用的 5.educationalist n.教育(学)家→ n.教育 6.incredible adj.难以置信的；极好的→ adj.可信的；可靠的 7.occasionally adv.偶尔；偶然→ adj.偶然的→ n.时机；机会；场合 8.emotional adj.情感上的；情绪上的→ n.情感；情绪 9.extremely adv.极度，极其→ adj.极度的；极大的 10.preference n.偏爱，偏好→ v.较喜欢；喜欢……多于…… 11.ashamed adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的→ n.羞愧→ adj.可耻的 → adj.无耻的；厚颜的 12.intention n.意图，目的；打算→ v.打算 13.demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的→ n.要求；所需之物v.强烈要求；需要 14.effective adj.有效的→ n.效应；影响；结果 15.humour n.幽默感→ adj.幽默的 16.constantly adv.持续不断地→ adj.持续不断的 17.barely adv.几乎不→ adj.裸体的；裸露的 18.reserved adj.含蓄的；内敛的→ v.预订，预约n.内向；寡言少语；矜持 19.distracted adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的→ v.转移(注意力)；分散(思想)；使分心 20.reality n.现实；真实→ v.理解；领会；认识到 21.complain vi.&vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚→ n.抱怨；不满 22.appointment n.约定；约会→ vt.约定；任命 23.alcoholic n.酗酒者，嗜酒成瘾者 adj.(含)酒精的→ n.酒精 24.associate vt.与某人交往→ n.联系 25.depressed adj.沮丧的，忧愁的→ v.使抑郁；使沮丧→ n.抑郁；沮丧 26.invitation n.邀请→ vt.邀请 27.organise vt.组织，筹划→ n.组织 28.innovation n.革新，创新→ v.革新，创新 29.competitor n.选手，参赛者→ vi.比赛；竞争→ n.竞争 → adj.竞争的；有竞争性的 30.fluency n.流畅，熟练→ adj.流畅的，熟练的 题型二、核心短语 1. 初次，第一次 2. 投入　(倒)……于某物 3. 一双，一对 4. 过去经常，曾经 5. 总计为 6. (使)爆炸；引发(爆炸)；出发 7. 建立 8. 和……交朋友 9. 确保 10. 有……的机会；可以进入/接近 11. 盼望 12. 照顾 13. 一系列的 14. 去世，离世 15. 总是，一直 题型三、重点单词 1.angle n.　 2.rocket n 3.pour vt. 4.fuel n. 5.lack vt. 6.drag vt. 7.worthwhile adj. 8.trait n. 9.sensitive adj. 10.passionate adj. 11.outgoing adj. 12.secondary adj. 13.host vt. 14.grateful adj. 15.handle vt. 16.upset vt. 17.raise vt. 18.highlight vt. 19.manner n. 20.dorm n.　 题型四、单句语法填空 1．He had the   (intend) to travel abroad after graduation. 2．It is (extreme) important to keep a positive attitude when facing difficulties. 3．Teachers need to be (sense) to the development level of each student so as to help them better. 4．The historical documents (belong) to the 18th century are now preserved in a climate-controlled room. 5．Her (fluent) impressed all the interviewers. 6．People who love nature will (occasional) go hiking in the mountains to enjoy fresh air. 7．Maybe you’re one of those who take off sweaters when others, (complain) that it’s cold, are still wearing them.   8．Time is tight and we had to work extra hours to finish the (demand) task. 9．The committee gave their final (approve) to the new policy after a long debate. 10．Much to our relief, Jenny’s illness proved not to be as serious as we (fear). 11．Our company needs to lower the price because our main (compete) has just introduced a similar product at a much lower cost. 12．They have strong (prefer) for using smart home appliances to make their lives easier and healthier. 13．The plum trees are the (one) to flower even as the snow is melting (融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. 14．Li Bai’s poetry is famous for its vivid imagination and strong (emotion) expression. 15．Learning that he had some trouble with maths, I offered him some (practice) tips without delay. 16．The little girl is always the first student (raise) her hand to answer questions in English class. 17．Experts recommended that measures (take) to prevent air pollution. 18．With so many urgent tasks (handle) before the deadline, the manager had to cancel all her personal appointments for the week. 19．Being a (passion) young man, he can perform his duties wonderfully. 20．Today, however, I received a horrible surprise. A classmate told me she (see) my friend chatting with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon. 21．Mr. Wang (attend) the conference before he visited New York. 22．She felt (shame) of herself for lying to her parents about her exam results.   23．Last night, I (intend) to be fully addicted to my book, but found myself disturbed (打扰) by noises from my neighbour upstairs. 24．The technology in this field is (constant) updating, so we must keep learning. 25．Our income has gotten smaller, so we must be (real) and sell our car. 26．He gave a （humor) account of their trip to Spain. 27．She will be very grateful (know) what you have done for her. 28．I wrote a letter of (complain), and the manager has promised to look into the matter. 29．Machines with specific purposes are (associate) with living things partly because they might be able to prevent themselves from being destroyed. 30．Having friends means that you will have someone to talk to so that you won’t feel lonely and (depress). 题型五、单词拼写 31．As she was busy with her work，she refused my ________（邀请）to the tea party. 32．China is a developing country ________ (属于) to the third world. 33．She _________(抱怨) that no one had been at the airport to meet her. 34．Mr. Brown praised Tom for his excellent ______ (行为) during the school trip. 35．After graduating from university, she decided to become a teacher and has been a ______ (热爱的) educator ever since. 36．The view from the top of the mountain was absolutely ______ (极好的) and made the long climb worthwhile. 37．He’s __________ (敏感的) and rather serious, which makes him appear to be a little bookish. 38．It is very important to learn some ________ (切实可行的；实践的) first aid knowledge. 39．We ________ (真诚) hope that WWF can play a role in protecting this endangered species. 40．Our school is organizing a charity event to ________ (筹集) money for children in poor areas. 题型六、完成句子 41．我突然意识到我把钥匙落在家里了。 It suddenly ________________ me that I left my keys at home. 42．It was ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ I walked home. 那天天气很好，所以我步行回家了。 43．This rope is ________ ________ ________ ________ that one. 这根绳子比那根长三倍。/这根绳子是那根的四倍长。 44．He ____________________________________ doing so little work. 他因只干了一点儿活而感到惭愧。 45．My new classmate is active and __________________. 我的新同学非常活跃，对生活积极乐观。 46．It is a pity that ________________. 你这么粗心，真可惜。 47．It is necessary that ________________________ every day. 我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。 48．________________________ we will pass the exam. 我们一定会通过考试的。 49．________________ and drank it up. 他把牛奶从瓶子里倒入玻璃杯，然后喝光了。 50．____________________________________ are not reasonable. 这两个答案并不都是合理的。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （25-26高二上·广东揭阳·阶段检测）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xie Lei, a 19-year-old Chinese business student, boarded a plane for London six months ago to participate in a year-long exchange programme. It was the first time she 1 (leave) China, and she felt both excited and nervous. With the ambition to set up a business in China after graduation, she aimed to learn about 2 (globe) business and improve her English through this valuable overseas experience. 3 (face) a new environment, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. She chose to live with a host family, 4 comforted her when she missed home and helped with her adaptation. In her studies, she encountered 5 challenge of meeting academic requirements. When writing essays, she was told by her tutor to acknowledge 6 others had said if citing their ideas, but he mainly wanted to know her own opinion. Additionally, many courses included students’ 7 (participate) in class as part of the final result, requiring her to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and give presentations. Although 8 (initial) unsure, she found herself speaking up after just a few weeks, and her presentation on traditional Chinese art proved a great success, significantly boosting her confidence. Beyond academics, she engaged 9 British culture and social activities, acting as a cultural messenger eager to share her culture with locals. Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal. Her experience highlights how studying abroad not only promotes academic and personal growth but also builds bridges between cultures, 10 (turn) challenges into opportunities for deeper understanding and self-development. （25-26高二上·湖北武汉·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Our school has a tradition of organizing annual Labor Day, a day that 1 (devote) to teaching us the value of physical work. This year, we went to a farm. To be honest, a day off would have been my 2 (prefer), as opposed to doing farm chores under the hot sun. Tasks 3 (give), my classmates immediately got down to work while I backed off and 4 (seek) excuses to avoid any assignments. For a moment, I sat watching my classmates with an 5 (amuse) look, as they struggled awkwardly with the tools. But it didn’t take long 6 I felt ashamed 7 doing nothing. Slowly, I picked up a shovel and joined them. My initial reluctance melted away with each swing of the shovel. Soon afterwards, a sense of satisfaction struck me 8 instant I saw a patch of wasteland entirely transformed into a neat vegetable bed. The day concluded with an award ceremony, where the prize I looked forward to 9 (announce) — it went to our monitor, who had worked tirelessly from the beginning till the end. As for me, I made a sincere 10 (apologize) for my laziness and came to the realization that the true value of labor lies in contribution and creation. 题型二、应用文写作 （25-26高二下·浙江温州·期末）假定你是李华，你校的交换生Tom对中国的民间艺术很感兴趣，本周五学校将要举办“校园文化节”（The Campus Culture Festival）活动，请你写一封电子邮件，邀请Tom去体验编织艺术，内容包括： 2．提出邀请并简述原因； 3．活动的时间、地点和内容； 4．期待对方的回复。 注意：1．词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：weaving art编织艺术；weaving artworks编织工艺品 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $