UNIT 1 Period Ⅴ 单元语法（word教参）-【优化探究】2021-2022学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册配套教参（北师大版）

Period Ⅴ　单元语法 过去完成时 ①The film had already begun when I got there. ②Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining. ③We had learned about 4,000 English words by the end of last term. ④It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune. ⑤I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being found. ⑥If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. [自我探究] ①②④⑥句为主从复合句，其中①②句中从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，④句中主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时，⑥句为if引导的与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句；③句中含有时间状语 by the end of last term，所以用过去完成时；⑤句用过去完成时，表示“本打算做却没有做……”。 一、过去完成时的概念 过去完成时的本质用法只有五个字，那就是“过去的过去”——即过去完成时表示的是在“过去的过去”就已发生的情况或存在的状态。如何理解“过去的过去”呢？首先我们得确定一个过去时间作为参照点，在这个过去时间参照点之前的时间就是过去的过去。我们可以画出下面这样的图示来帮助理解： 二、过去完成时的构成 过去完成时由“助动词 had＋过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人称。 肯定句：主语＋had＋done 否定句：主语＋had＋not＋done 疑问句：Had＋主语＋done 三、过去完成时的主要用法 1．过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。 He told me that he had written a new book.(had written发生在told之前) 他告诉我他已经写了一本新书。 2．过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already, yet, still, just, before, never等时间副词及by, before, until等引导的短语或从句连用。 Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. 在来中国之前，格雷斯已经在一所中学教了大约5年的英语。 3．当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作发生时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句要用过去完成时。 She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她以前看过那部电影。 4．表示过去未曾实现的想法。过去完成时除表示“过去的过去”外，还可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算，通常连用的动词是 want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose等。 I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想来，但有事就没有来。 5．用于虚拟语气中，表示对过去情况的假设。 She wished she had stayed at home. 她要是待在家里就好了。 6．过去完成时用于特殊句式。 (1)在hardly/scarcely/barely...when...; before...; no sooner ...than ...等句式中，主句通常要用过去完成时，而从句则通常要用一般过去时。这类句式均表示“一……就……”。 I had no sooner checked into the hotel than he arrived. 我一住进旅馆，他就到了。 (2)It is the first time＋从句(从句用现在完成时)。 It was the first time＋从句(从句用过去完成时)。 It is the first time that I've been here. 这是我第一次来这里。 It was the third time that he had entered the house. 这是他第三次进入那所房子了。 四、过去完成时与现在完