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专题三:主谓一致
谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致,称为主谓一致。主谓一致遵循着三个基本原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
一、语法一致
语法一致是指主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。其构成有以下11点。
1. 用and连接两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词一般用复数;但如果在意义上指同一个人,同一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词用单数。
Tom and Jim are students. 汤姆和吉姆是学生。
Rice and wheat are grown in China. 中国种植水稻和小麦。
Both his father and his mother are advanced teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是先进教师。
The professor and writer is from Nanjing University. 那位教授兼作家来自南京大学。
To love and to be loved is the great happiness. 爱与被爱是一种很大的幸福。
Bread and butter is their daily food. 奶油面包是他们的日常食物。
注:常见的由and连接表示同一个概念的词有:(当其作主语时,谓语动词用单数。)
war and peace 战争与和平 iron and steel 钢铁 bread and butter 奶油面包
milk and water 掺水的牛奶 fish and chips 炸鱼土豆条 meat and potatoes 肉炒土豆
fruit and cream 加奶油的水果 truth and honesty 真诚 a needle and thread 针线
a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a cup and saucer 一套杯盘 a horse and cart 一辆马车
a watch and chain 一只系表带的手表 a teacher and writer 一位教师兼作家
2. 由every…and every…, each…and each…, no…and no…, many a…and many a…等构成复合主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。