内容正文:
姓名: 班级
Unit 3 Getting along with others
3.3 Grammar:关系代词引导的定语从句
第一部分:紧扣教材抓基础
一、定语从句及相关概念种类
概述:在复合句中作定语,修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。限制性定语从句是定语从句的分支。限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,若省略,所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义,和主句的关系十分密切,不可用逗号分开。先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系词是引导定语从句的词,并代替先行词在从句中作一定的句子成分。
观察定语从句体会其作用
1. Do you know the man that/who is waiting outside?
2. He showed me the photos(that/which) he took on his trip to Xi’an.
3. Simon is the poor man whose car has been stolen.
(1) 例句1中的画线的词在定语从句中作 ,不可省略。(主语)
(2) 例句2中的画线的词在定语从句中作 ,可以省略。(宾语)
(3) 例句3中的画线的词在定语从句中作 。 (定语)
二、定语从句的关系词
关系词
先行词
充当从句成分
关系代词
who
人
主语 宾语
whom
人
宾语
whose
人,物
定语
that
人,物
主语 宾语 表语
which
物
主语 宾语
as
人,物
主语 宾语
关系副词
when
时间
时间状语
where
地点
地点状语
why
原因
原因状语
God helps those who/that help themselves. 上帝帮助自强的人。
This is the factory which/that we once visited.这是我们曾经参观过的工厂。
There came a lot of children,most of whom I didn’t know.
来了许多孩子,大多数我都不认识。
That’s the man whose house has burned down.那就是那个房屋烧毁的人。
【误区警示】
(1)在定语从句中作动词宾语时或介词后用 whom,不用 who,口语中 whom 前无介词时可用 that 或 who 代替。
(2)关系代词在从句中作宾语时,通常可以省略。
The man(whom/who/that)you saw just now is our manager.你刚才看见的男子是我们的经理。
(3)whose既可以指人也可以指物,既可以说“某人的”,也可以说“某物的”。
I don’t want to pay for the book whose cover is lost.
我不想为这本没有封面的书付款。
三、定语从句知多少:
(一)只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况。
(1) 先行词前有序数词或形容词用最高级修饰,或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时,用that不用which。
This is the best film that I ever seen.
(2) 先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,no one, nobody,some等用that不用which。(注意something后可用which)。
All that can be done has been done.
(3) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, one of, the only, the very, the right, the last, few,just等修饰时,用that不用which。
All the gusts that were invited to her wedding were important people.
(4) 先行词即有人又有物,兼顾两者,用that不用which。
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.
(5) 主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,用that不用which。
Who is the man that is standing by the gate?
(6)