内容正文:
句子的基本结构和成分分析
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一、简单句的五种基本句型(Five kinds of simple sentences)
主要内容
二、词类和句子成分的关系
三、单词在句子中词性和成分判定
基础概念
什么是句子成分?
句子成分:可以是单词、词组或句子(从句)
主要成分:起主要作用的成分,如:主语和谓语
次要成分:起次要作用的成分,如:宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和表语
句子成分有哪些?
组成句子的各个部分
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一、简单句的五种基本句型
句型 基本结构 示例
主、谓
S+V结构 主语 + 不及物动词 I work in the office.
She cooks.
主、谓、宾
S+V+O
结构 主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语 I study Chinese very well.
Mike are playing football.
主、系、表
S+V+P结构 主语+ 连系动词 + 表语 Tom is a teacher.
Trees turn green.
主、谓、间宾、直宾
S+V+INO+DO结构 主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾(人)+ 直宾(物)
=主语+ 及物动词 + 直宾(物)+ to / for + 间宾(人(常用的此类动词有: pass; give; show ; lend ; buy) I give her a book.
= I give a book to her.
My father bought me a box yesterday.
= My father bought a box for me.
主、谓、宾、宾补
S+V+O+OC
结构 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补
(作宾补可以是名词、形容词、不定式和动词的ing形式等) We call him Tom.(名词做宾补)
My mother told me to wash the plates.(不定式做宾补)
The story makes me happy.(形容词做宾补)
二、词类和句子成分的关系
(一)词类间的修饰关系
词类间关系 示例分析
形容词 /数词+名词
名词+名词
形容词+代词 The five tall and strong women are all football players.
数词five和形容词tall , strong修饰名词women; 名词basketball修饰名词players.
副词+动词、形容词和其他副词 Tom plays basketball quite well.
副词well修饰plays,副词quite修饰另一副词well.
虚词如冠词、介词、连词在句中不能单独构成句子成分。需要和其它的词类连用。 The students of Class One are learning English in the class.
介词短语of Class One作定语,修饰the students. 介词短语in the class作地点状语,修饰are learning.
(二)词类和句子成分的关系
句子成分 词类 c示例分析
主语 名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句 1)Tom is a gread player. (名词作主语)
2)I read a book every day. (代词作主语)
3)Running is good to the health. (动名词作主语)
4)To ride around Jingcheng Lake is a great pleasure. (动词不定式作主语)
5)What we shall do next is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)
谓语 动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后 1)The song sounds good. (系动词作谓语)
2)I went to school yesterday. (行为动词作谓语)
宾语 名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词和从句 1)My sister is good at playing chess. (动词名词playing chess作介词宾语)
2)The girl in red always likes to ask questions in class. (不定式to ask questions作动词likes 的宾语)
宾语补足语 名词、形容词、动词不定式、动名词 示例分析见前面简单句的五种基本句型五
句子成分 词类 c示例分析
表语 名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、表语从句 1)The baby is asleep. (asleep作表语)
2))Her work is teaching Chinese. (