2022年中考英语语法专题之被动语态 讲义（含练习及答案）

被动语态 1. To learn the passive voice. 2. To know how to use these structures. 3. Attract students’ interest to English learning. 1. What can you see from the picture? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What will happen to the egg? Can you guess? _____________________________________________________________________ 被动语态 动词语态的概述 被动语态的用法 被动语态的构成 主动语态变被动语态 动词语态的概述 动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系 主动语态 表示主语是动作的执行者或发出者 He wrote a novel. (主语he是动作wrote 的执行者) 被动语态 表示主语是动作的承受者 The classroom was cleaned by him yesterday. (主语the classroom 是动作的承受者) 【即学即练】 找到下列句子的主语，并判断是动作的执行者还是承受者。 1. Someone met him at the station this morning. 主语：___________，是_________(动作的执行者还是承受者). 2. He was met at the station this morning. 主语：___________，是_________(动作的执行者还是承受者). 参考答案： 1. 主语是someone，是动作的执行者。 2. 主语是he，是动作的承受者。 被动语态的用法 1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 The book was published in 2005. 2. 强调动作的承受者 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 3. 出于委婉或礼貌等原因，避免提及动作执行者 We are given a lot of homework to do. 4. 文章标题、广告或新闻中，常用省略助动词be的被动语态 Girls Wanted. (招女工；广告用语,省略了are) Road Blocked. (道路阻塞；广告用语,省略is) 5. 被动语态中的执行者常常由“by+执行者 ”引出 The window was broken by Jack last night. 被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本结构：be+过去分词 (通过be动词体现时态变化，并且be必须与主语的人称和数相一致。) 常用时态 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 am/ is/ are+过去分词 These books are designed for children. 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 A lot of flowers were planted along the street last month. 一般将来时 will/shall be+过去分词 am/ is/ are going to be+过去分词 The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon. 现在进行时 am/ is/ are+ being+过去分词 A new railway is being built. 过去进行时 was/were + being+过去分词 The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 现在完成时 have/ has been+过去分词 The work has been finished on time. 含情态动词 can/may/ must be+过去分词 Books can’t be taken out of the reading room. 【即学即练】 一、用所给动词的恰当形式填空 1. Rice _________ (grow) in our hometown every year. 2. The fire ________ (put) out by