UNIT 3 突破语法大冲关-2021-2022学年新教材高中英语必修 第一册【名师导航】同步Word教参(译林版)

由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句由关系词引导。限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，若省略，主句的内容就不完整或失去意义；它和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。 先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。关系词指代先行词，在从句中作一定的句子成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose，as等。 [观察例句] 1．Do you know the man that/who is waiting outside. 2．He showed me the photos (that/which) he took on his trip to Xi'an. 3．Simon is the poor man whose car has been stolen. 4．I like the way (that/in which) she smiles. 5．The trees that/which are behind the office building have lost their leaves. 6．Then another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 7．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 8．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. [归纳用法] 一、定语从句的先行词 先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分，从构成上而言，它可以是名词、代词、名词性短语等；从句子成分上而言，它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语等。下面，我们从两个实例来看一下定语从句及其相关成分的分布： [即学即练1]　找出下列句中的定语从句的先行词 ①Is this the book which your father bought for you？the book ②Who is the man that is speaking to your mother？the man ③They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.the man ④Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.Some people 二、关系代词的用法 1．that的用法 that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语、状语或表语，而且作宾语或状语时常可省略。 This is the book.I want to read it. →This is the book (that)I want to read. 这就是我想读的那本书。(that指代the book，在定语从句中充当宾语) [即学即练2]　使用定语从句合并句子，并写出关系词that在从句中作什么成分 ①This is the house.Lu Xun once lived in the house. →This is the house (that) Lu Xun once lived in．(that在定语从句中作宾语) ②Jack is no longer a lazy boy.He used to be a lazy boy. →Jack is no longer a lazy boy that he used to be．(that在定语从句中作表语) ③The boy is Tom.The boy is studying in the classroom. →The boy that is studying in the classroom is Tom.(that在定语从句中作主语) ④I don't like the way.He looks at me in the way. →I don't like the way (that) he looks at me．(that在定语从句中作状语) 2．which的用法 which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，常与that互换使用。 The houses overlook the lake.They cost more. →The houses which/that overlook the lake cost more. 俯瞰湖泊的房子价格高