专题16.语法填空解题技巧-2021年初升高英语无忧衔接(人教版2019)

语法填空解题技巧 第一部分 有提示词题目的解题技巧 有提示词题目是指＂使用括号中词语的正确形式填空＂这类题，近年来的高考题只考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。 考点1　谓语动词 【考点】 谓语 时态 主动 被动 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 一般过去时 did was/were done 过去完成时 had done had been done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 一般将来时 will do will be done 过去将来时 would do would be done 【解题技巧】 当句子缺少谓语动词时， 括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时，要根据语境确定用哪种时态，根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态。具体解题技巧如下： 第一步：确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语，如缺谓语动词，则填谓语动词。 第二步：若为谓语动词，就要看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语态，同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。 第三步：要注意主谓一致。 【典型例析】 1.He ______(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 2.One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ________ (find) that he had run out of salt. 3. I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car ________(break) down near a remote village. 考点2 非谓语动词 【考点】 非谓语(无时态，有语态) 主动 被动 doing being done having done have been done to do to be done to have done to have been done 【解题技巧】 当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词。 此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用动名词 (表一般意义)或不定式形式(表具体意义)；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如see/hear/ notice sb.do/doing sth., spend...doing sth.等。具体解题技巧如下： 第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。 第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用­ing形式或不定式，在enjoy, finish等动词后作宾语用­ing形式，在decide, refuse等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等。 第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。 第四步：根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。 1.I noticed a man ________ (sit) at the front. 2.＂In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always________(think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.＂ 3.While she was getting me ________(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up