2.被动语态-2020-2021学年英语新高二暑假衔接大串讲(人教版2019)

被动语态 英语的语态有两种，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表主语是动作的承受者。此主要讲被动语态。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象。一般说来，只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态。汉语常用“被”“受”“给”“遭”“挨”等词来表被动意义。动作执行者一般由介词by引出。被动语态结构为:“助动词be+过去分词+ by +动作执行者+ with +工具”。被动语态的时态是通过be动词变化的。 被动语态的使用场合：①强调动作承受者；②动作发出者未知或不便说出；③科技英语中较多使用。 被动语态共有十种时态（以动词do为例） 一般 完成 进行 现在 am/is/are done have/has been done am/is/are being done 过去 was/were done had been done was/were being done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done 过去将来 should/would be done should/would have been done 说明 将来进行时、过去将来进行时、完成进行时，没有被动语态。上表被动语态的10种时态中，将来完成时和过去将来完成时均不常用，故其常用时态只有8种，外加含情态动词句式的被动语态。 各种时态的被动语态例句： 1.一般现在时： ①Football is played all over the world. ②You are wanted on the phone. ③English is widely spoken in the world. ④He is often punished. 2一般过去时： ①The bridge was built in 1975. ②The house was destroyed in the earthquake. ③He was praised yesterday. 3.一般将来时： ①The baby will be taken to hospital soon. ②Our lab will be built in a month. ③I shall be given a chance. 4.过去将来时： ①I knew the boy would be taken good care of in there. ②He said he would be criticized for what he did. 5.现在完成时： ① He has been given a chance. ②I have been told the news． ③The book has been translated into many languages. 6.过去完成时： ①He said he had been given a chance. ②By 1960, 100 schools had been set up. ③It was said that the book had already been translated into many languages. 7．现在进行时： ①The building is being built. ②He is being beaten by his mother. 8.过去进行时：When I went to the city, a high building was being built. www.zxxk.com 注意 ①有些短语动词在意义上相当于及物动词，也有被动语态如： The children there are taken good care of. A doctor was sent for.Women are not looked down upon now. ②含情态动词的被动结构是“情态动词+be+过去分词”： Everything that can be done has been done. He should have been punished. The thing must be handed in. ▲被动语态的其他表达形式 1. get +过去分词：多用于口语和非正式场合，强调动作的结果。有时带有不愉快、不顺利的含义。 He got wounded in a battle. You might get burnt. 注意 这种被动语态句型的否定和疑问要借助do构成: Did you