内容正文:
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定语从句(下)
+ 题型组合练
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第
9
讲
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知识点睛
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分清限制与非限
1.定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种,如果在先行词的后面出现逗号的,即为非限制性定语从句。
(1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
(2)which引导非限制性定语从句,可以代表主句的全部或者部分内容。
Tom failed again in the match,which was a great pity.
汤姆在比赛中又一次失利了,这是一个非常大的遗憾。
2.as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。
as和which都可引导非限制性定语从句,代表主句的内容。as在句中的位置比较灵活,意为“正如,正像”;which只能用在句中,意为“这,这一点”。
The mother tried to persuade her son to give up smoking,which didn’t help.
母亲竭力说服儿子放弃吸烟,但没有效果。
“You can’t judge a book by its cover,”as the old saying goes.
正如老话所说的那样:“人不可貌相”。
3.在限制性定语从句中,充当宾语的that/whom/which不与介词直接连用时可省略,但在非限制性定语从句中,充当宾语的关系代词不能省略。
介宾结构记心中
1.介宾结构是解决定语从句问题的一大法宝,即介词后面需要跟名词(动名词)作宾语。
(1)在定语从句中,充当宾语的为that/which/whom,而that不能与介词直接连用,故介词后填写关系代词时,只可能为which(指物)和whom(指人)。
(2)关系副词when,where在定语从句中,一般可改为“介词+which”的情况。而why在定语从句中可替换为for which。
I saw some trees,the leaves of which were black with disease. 我看到一些树,树叶由于疾病是黑色的。
I still remember the factory in which/where I worked.
我仍记得我工作过的那个工厂。
2.“名词+of which”常代替“whose+名词”在定语从句中作定语。
He mentioned a book,the title of which(=whose title) I’ve forgotten. 他提到了一本书,书的名字已经忘了。
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经典精讲
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1.The little problems ____________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
that/which 解析:所填词引导定语从句,并在从句中作宾语,先行词为The little problems,因此用that或which。
2.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,____________ lived from roughly 551 to 479B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
who 解析:所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语,指人,所以填who。
3.The air quality in the city, ____________ is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.
as 解析:句意为:正如报告中所表明的,在过去的两个月里,城市的空气质量有所改善。此处as引导的是非限制性定语从句,意为“正如,正像”,指代整个主句。
4.In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.____________________
that→which 解析:分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,指代their garden,应用which。
5.Also, I think it’s helpful to put up some boards along the tourist attractions that tourists can leave messages.____________________
that→where 解析:考查定语从句的关系词。分析该句结构