内容正文:
主 谓 一 致
一、主谓一致的定义及原则
主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致叫作主谓一致。主谓一致遵循三个基本原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近原则。
(一)语法一致
指主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式,主语为复数,则谓语动词也用复数,如:
He is a boy.他是一名男孩。
They are boys.他们是男孩。
(二)意义一致
指主语形式上是单数,但表达的却是复数意义,那么谓语动词要用复数形式,或主语形式上是复数形式但却表达单数意义,则谓语动词也采用单数形式,如:
Cattle feed on grass.牛以草为生。
Physics is difficult to learn.物理很难学。
(三)就近一致
指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定:
There is a book,two pens and three pencil-boxes on the desk.
书桌上有一本书,两支钢笔和三个铅笔盒。
There are two pens,a book and three pencil-boxes on the table.
二、主谓一致的应用
1.谓语动词用单数形式的情况
①可数名词单数及不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数:
The ball is under the desk.球在书桌下。
The water is very hot.水很热。
②more than one +单数名词+单数动词;more +复数名词+than one +复数动词。如:
More than one shop was stolen last night.
昨天晚上,不止一家商店被盗。
③“a +单数名词+ or two”作主语,谓语用单数,如:
A student or two has failed the exam.
一两个学生考试不及格。
④“many a +单数名词”作主语,谓语用单数,如:
Many a student was late for school this morning.
今天早晨,许多学生上学迟到了。
⑤以-s结尾的单数名词作主语,谓语用单数,如:news, politics , physics , maths, gymnastics等,以及书名、戏剧名、报纸及国家的名称等的复数名词,如:
The news is true.这个消息是真的。
The United States is a large country.美国是一个大国。
⑥no(each, every, many a) +单数名词+ and +no (each , every, many a) +单数名词作主语,谓语用单数:
Many a boy and many a girl has handed in their books.
许多男孩和女孩已经上交了书。
Every boy and every girl likes the film star.
所有的男孩和所有的女孩都喜欢这个电影明星。
★Every boy and girl was invited.
所有的男孩和女孩都请了。
⑦a kind of/a sort of/a type of/a series of +名词作主语时,谓语用单数,如:
This kind of car is made in Harbin.
这种小车是哈尔滨生产的。
A new series of reading for children has been published.
一套新的儿童读物出版了。
⑧复合不定代词如anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing等作主语,谓语用单数:
Everybody likes his poems.所有的人都喜欢他的诗。
⑨each, either, neither, another, (a) little或much作主语或修饰主语时,谓语用单数,如:
Much of what you say is true.你所说的许多话是真的。
Neither answer is correct.两个答案一个都不对。
⑩时间、距离、价格、度量衡的复数名词作主语时,谓语用单数,如:
Ten miles isn't a long distance.十英里并非一段很长的距离。
⑾运算数词作主语,谓语用单数,如:
Five minus four is one.五减四等于一。
Seven times four makes twenty-eight.七乘四等于二十八。
Two a