第5讲 虚拟语气-【暑假辅导班】2021年新高二英语暑假精品课程（北师大2019版）

虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。它主要是通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示，它既可以表示与事实相反，也可以用于一些特殊的句型。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。 一. 在条件从句中的用法 条件状语从句， 主句与现在事实相反 1） If + 主语 + 动词过去式，（be一律用were代替） 2）主语 + would 3）should+ 动词原形 与过去事实相反 1）If + 主语 + 动词过去完成时 2）主语 +would或should + have过去分词 与将来事实相反 1）谓语动词用过去式 2）谓语用were to+ 动词原形 3）谓语用should + 动词原形 主语 + would或should + 动词原形 注意：1. 主句中的should 通常用第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可根据意思用情态动词could, might等代替should, would。2.“与将来事实相反”中的1和2之间的差别是“were to + 动词原形”比“should + 动词原形”所表示的实现的可能性更小。 1）表示与现在事实相反： If I were you, I should study English. If he had time, he would attend the meeting. 2）表示与过去事实相反： If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. 3）表示与将来事实相反： If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to/should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时， 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如： If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。) 5）以上句型可以转换成下列形式： 1. 从句省略if, 用倒装句式“were (had, should) + 主语”。例如： Were I in school again, I would work harder. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 2. but for, without,或otherwise 等形式的含蓄的虚拟语气。例如： Without air, there would be no living things. But for (要不是) the rain we should have a pleasant journey. He is not a careful driver; otherwise he wouldn’t have had that accident. 二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句 1．“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜……”，“……就好了”，“悔不该……”，“但愿……”等 表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式，例如： I wish it were spring all the year round. 表示将来不能实现的愿望，用 “would (could)+动词原形”，例如： I wish you could go with us. 表示过去不能实现的愿望，用“had或could/would+have+过去分词”，例如： We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 2．虚拟语气在动词arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, suggest等后面的宾语从句中，用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如： We suggested that we (should) have a meeting right away. He ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. He demanded that we (should) start as soon as possible. 注意：suggest作“建议”时用