内容正文:
Section Ⅲ Using language & Writing
不定式作定语和结果状语
一、不定式作定语
1.不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰词之间为动宾关系,若不定式是不及物动词,其后加对应的介词。不定式与所修饰词之间为被动关系时,用to be done形式。
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her,but she couldn’t find any paper to write on.
突然她想到了一个好主意,但是她找不到写下它的纸。
The building to be built next year is our library.
明年要建的那座楼是我们的图书馆。
2.当名词或代词为形容词最高级或序数词the only,the next,the very或被这些词修饰时。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。
3.被修饰词是抽象名词,常用不定式作定语。常见的名词有:ability,chance,idea,hope,excuse,promise,attempt,way,courage,desire,right,wish等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.
增强意志力最好的办法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力和观点本身一样重要。
4.当修饰词为something,nothing,anything等不定代词时。
Do you have anything to say?
你有什么要说的吗?
There is nothing to worry about.
没有什么可担心的。
注:不定式作定语时,当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时,不定式使用主动形式;当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时,不定式使用被动式。
Have you got anything to buy?
你有什么东西要买吗?(you是to buy的执行者)
I want to go to Beijing.Do you have anything to be bought?我要去北京。你有什么东西要买吗?(you不是buy的执行者)
二、不定式作结果状语
结果状语表示事情的结果,常置于主句后。常用于以下结构:[来源:Zxxk.Com]
1.only to do...表示一个与主语意愿相反的或出乎意料的结果,意为“却……”。
Tom took a taxi to the airport,only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场,结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
He raised a stone,only to drop it at his own feet.
他搬起石头,却砸了自己的脚。
2....enough to do 足够做……,用来描述一个人的品质和能力。
还可以用:形容词+enough for sb.to do...结构表示“……对某人来说足够……”。
He is old enough to go to school.
他到了上学的年龄了。
The book is easy enough for you to read.
这本书很容易,你能够看懂。
3.too...to do...句型形式为肯定,但表达否定意义,意为“太……而不能”,too后接形容词或副词原级,to为不定式符号,后接动词原形,不定式表示否定意义。
Mary is too tired to do the job.[来源:学科网]
玛丽太累了,做不了这项工作。
He is too young to join the army.
他年龄太小,不能参军。
注:①不定式发出的动作,其执行者与整个句子主语不是同一个人或物时,需要在不定式前加一个逻辑主语(for sb.)。
The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.
这道数学题太难,我不能解出它。
②too后接表示情感的形容词,如:glad,pleased,happy,sad等时,表示肯定意义,此时,too相当于very。
He is too sad to hear the bad news.
听到不幸的消息他