内容正文:
通用版
五 句型
(一) 陈 述 句
1. 陈述句的功能及结构特征
陈述句是用来说明一个事实的句子,其主要功能是传递信息、提供情况,用来肯定或否定某个事物、某件事或某种情况。陈述句的基本结构是“主语+谓语+其他.”。主语通常由名词、代词或名词短语构成,一般位于动词之前,谓语通常由be动词、实义动词或情态动词加动词构成。如:
We're all Chinese people.
我们都是中国人。
The students of Class 3 are having a Chinese lesson now.
3班的学生现在正在上语文课。
Su Hai and Su Yang always help their parents with housework.
苏海和苏洋总是帮助她们的父母做家务。
We often fly kites at the weekend.
我们经常在周末放风筝。
2.肯定陈述句变为否定句
情 况 例 句
句中有be动词或情态动词时,在be动词或情态动词后直接加not。 I wasn't in the park this morning.
今天上午我不在公园。
You cannot park your car here.
你不能把小汽车停在这儿。
句中无be动词或情态动词时,在主语后加助动词don't, doesn't 或didn't,原来的动词要用原形。 We don't usually go to school on weekends.
我们通常周末不上学。
Mike doesn't get up early every morning.
迈克每天早上都不早起。
Lily didn't swim in the swimming pool yesterday afternoon.
莉莉昨天下午不在游泳池游泳。
有些陈述句的否定句句式由no, nothing, nobody, none, few, little等表示否定意义的词构成。 I have no water.
我没有水。
I know nothing about it.
关于此事我什么也不知道。
not和no构成的否定结构
1. not和no都可以构成否定结构,但在其结构中, not后可以跟any, no后面不可以跟 any,含有no的句子的谓语动词要用肯定形式, “not ...any”相当于no。如:
I don't have any ink. = I have no ink.
我没有墨水。
2. “not ...anything”和nothing都可以构成否定结构,但在含有nothing的句子中,谓语动词要用肯定形式, nothing相当于“not ...anything”。如:
I can't smell anything. = I can smell nothing.
我什么也闻不到。
3. 在运用助动词do, does, did时,必须注意它们一般不与表示否定或部分否定的词(如: never, hardly, nothing等)连用。如:
He never speaks Japanese. 他从来不讲日语。
[典例精析]
① (2020•保定)用所给词的适当形式填空。
a. Jim always ________(think) he can run fast.
b. Yesterday I ________(go) to school by bus.
② (2020•天津宝坻区)改为否定句。
There is a park near my home.
________ ________ a park near my home.
解析:第①题中的a考查了陈述句的肯定句句式。 always常用于一般现在时中,主语为第三人称单数,动词用其第三人称单数形式。第①题中的b考查了陈述句的肯定句句式。 Yesterday表示过去的时间,动词用其过去式形式。第②题考查了陈述句的否定句句式。 there be句型改为否定句时,在be动词后加not, is not可缩写为isn't。
答案:① a. thinks b. went ② There isn't
[小试身手]
① 用所给词的适当形式填空。
a. Last summer, I ________(swim) in the sea with my sister.
b. Jenny often ________(go) to school by school bus.
c. Li Ming's cousin likes to ________(draw) pictures.
d. Tomorrow is Sunday. I will ___