内容正文:
2021届高考英语语法:省略句的基本知识
一、什么是省略句?
人们在讲话或写作时为了省事或避免重复,常把句子中的某些成份或某些词省去。这样的句子称为省略句。英文句子中可以省略的成份很灵活。下面是一些例子。
* (I) Don't know. 我不知道。
* (Have you) Had your lunch? 吃午饭了吗?
* (Come) this way, please. 请往这边走。
* “What's the difference between these two?” “Well, it's hard to tell.” “这两个有什么不同?”“嗯,很难说。”
* Yes, there will. 是的,将会有。
* (Does)He need to go there? 他需要去那里吗?
* “She doesn't like him.” “Why?” “她不喜欢他。”“为什么?”
* Though interrupted,I went on talking. 虽然受到了干扰,我还是继续讲下去。
二、句子中被省略的成分
1) 省略主语
* (I) Don't know. 我不知道。
* (It) Doesn't matter. 没关系。
* (I)Beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。
* (I) Hope to see you again. 希望能再见到你。
* (You) Sit down, please. 请坐。
2) 省略主语和助动词
* (Have you) Had your lunch? 吃午饭了吗?
* (I've) Got to go to the meeting. 我得去开会了。
* (Do you) Want some? (你)要来一点吗?
3)省略谓语或省略谓语及其以后的部分(只保留主语)。
* (Come) this way, please. 请往这边走。
* “Who won the game?” “George.” “谁赢了比赛?”“乔治。”
4) 省略助动词
* (Does)He need to go there? 他需要去那里吗?
* (Are) They still waiting? 他们还在等吗?
5) 省略宾语
* “What's the difference between these two?” “Well, it's hard to tell.” “这两个有什么不同?”* “嗯,很难说。”
* “Are they still waiting?” “I don't know.” “他们还在等吗?”“我不知道。”
6)省略主语和谓语
* No, there won't. 不,不会有。
* Yes, there will. 是的,将会有。
7) 其他情况
a) 语言的省略方式很灵活,特别是在对话中。有时为了省事,只要能达意,可把句子的大部分省略掉。
* (Are you) Ready? 准备好了吗?
* (I'm) Sorry! 对不起!
* (I beg your) Pardon. 请再说一遍。
* “Where are you from?” “(I am from) China.” “你来自哪里?”“中国。”
* “When are we going to hold the meeting?” “Tomorrow,perhaps.” “我们什么时候开会?”“可能明天。”
* “It's a great trip.” “Sure.” “这是一次很好的旅行。” “是的。”
* “Can he make a good mark this time?” “Not likely.” “他这次能得高分吗?”“不太可能。”
* Look! 小心!
* Help! 救命啊!
b) 有时为了避免重复刚提到的内容而采用省略。
* “She doesn't like him.” “Why?” “她不喜欢他。”“为什么?”
* They don't like to make friends with us, and we do not know why? 他们不喜欢和我们交朋友,我们不知道为什么。
* “He didn't go to the school yesterday.” “Did he?” “他昨天没去上学。”“是吗?”
* “You are wrong!” “Am I?” “你错了!”“是吗?”
* “Are you ready?” “Not quite.” “你准备好了吗?”“没完全好。”
* “Shall I call the police?” “Do, please” “我该叫警察吗?”“是的。”
* “Have you finished your homework?”