2021届高考英语语法：省略句的基本知识

2021届高考英语语法：省略句的基本知识 一、什么是省略句? 人们在讲话或写作时为了省事或避免重复，常把句子中的某些成份或某些词省去。这样的句子称为省略句。英文句子中可以省略的成份很灵活。下面是一些例子。 * (I) Don't know. 我不知道。 * (Have you) Had your lunch? 吃午饭了吗? * (Come) this way, please. 请往这边走。 * “What's the difference between these two?” “Well, it's hard to tell.” “这两个有什么不同？”“嗯，很难说。” * Yes, there will. 是的，将会有。 * (Does）He need to go there? 他需要去那里吗? * “She doesn't like him.” “Why?” “她不喜欢他。”“为什么?” * Though interrupted，I went on talking. 虽然受到了干扰，我还是继续讲下去。 二、句子中被省略的成分 1) 省略主语 * (I) Don't know. 我不知道。 * (It) Doesn't matter. 没关系。 * (I）Beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。 * (I) Hope to see you again. 希望能再见到你。 * (You) Sit down, please. 请坐。 2) 省略主语和助动词 * (Have you) Had your lunch? 吃午饭了吗? * (I've) Got to go to the meeting. 我得去开会了。 * (Do you) Want some? (你)要来一点吗? 3）省略谓语或省略谓语及其以后的部分（只保留主语）。 * (Come) this way, please. 请往这边走。 * “Who won the game?” “George.” “谁赢了比赛？”“乔治。” 4) 省略助动词 * (Does）He need to go there? 他需要去那里吗? * (Are) They still waiting? 他们还在等吗? 5) 省略宾语 * “What's the difference between these two?” “Well, it's hard to tell.” “这两个有什么不同？”* “嗯，很难说。” * “Are they still waiting?” “I don't know.” “他们还在等吗？”“我不知道。” 6）省略主语和谓语 * No, there won't. 不，不会有。 * Yes, there will. 是的，将会有。 7) 其他情况 a) 语言的省略方式很灵活，特别是在对话中。有时为了省事，只要能达意，可把句子的大部分省略掉。 * (Are you) Ready? 准备好了吗？ * (I'm) Sorry! 对不起！ * (I beg your) Pardon. 请再说一遍。 * “Where are you from?” “(I am from) China.” “你来自哪里？”“中国。” * “When are we going to hold the meeting?” “Tomorrow，perhaps.” “我们什么时候开会？”“可能明天。” * “It's a great trip.” “Sure.” “这是一次很好的旅行。” “是的。” * “Can he make a good mark this time?” “Not likely.” “他这次能得高分吗？”“不太可能。” * Look! 小心！ * Help! 救命啊！ b) 有时为了避免重复刚提到的内容而采用省略。 * “She doesn't like him.” “Why?” “她不喜欢他。”“为什么?” * They don't like to make friends with us, and we do not know why? 他们不喜欢和我们交朋友，我们不知道为什么。 * “He didn't go to the school yesterday.” “Did he?” “他昨天没去上学。”“是吗？” * “You are wrong!” “Am I?” “你错了！”“是吗？” * “Are you ready?” “Not quite.” “你准备好了吗？”“没完全好。” * “Shall I call the police?” “Do, please” “我该叫警察吗？”“是的。” * “Have you finished your homework?”