内容正文:
Section Ⅲ Grammar & Writing
定语从句
[语法图解]
一、基本概念
1.在主从复合句中,对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2.关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等)和关系副词(when,when,why等)两类。
考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句
1.关系代词的基本用法
关系代词
先行词
在从句中的作用
who
人
主语、宾语
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose
人或物
定语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
我住在一对夫妻的隔壁,他们的孩子经常制造噪音。
2.that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况
先行词是all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing等不定代词时。
先行词被the only,the very,the same,all等修饰时。
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
先行词既有人又有物时。
只用which的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时。
关系代词指物,且前有介词时。
China Today attracts a worldwide readership,which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
《今日中国》有着全球的读者群,这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
3.as和which的区别
as
as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句前、中、后,as常译为“正如……,正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see,know,expect,say,mention,report等。
which
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时,只能置于主句后,常译为“这一点,这件事”等,which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。
“You can't judge a book by its cover,” as the old saying goes.
正如老话说的那样:“人不可貌相。”
[易错警示] as用在限制性定语从句中时,先行词必须有such,so,as或the same等修饰,且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。
[对点训练1]
单句语法填空
①A new teacher __________ will teach your German will come here tomorrow.
解析 考查定语从句。从结构上看,空处是关系代词,修饰先行词A new teacher,指人,并且在从句中作主语,所以要用who。
答案 who
②The park offers visitors a sight of nature at________majorities of people never have the chance to take a look.
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该句中的“The park offers visitors a sight of nature”是主句,“at________majorities...a look”是定语从句,空处在定语从句中作at的宾语,代指a sight of nature,故填which。
答案 which
③The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material____________helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment.
解析 考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,修饰先行词genetic material。
答案 that/which
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词
先行词
在从句中的作用
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词或抽象名词(situation,point,activity,