Unit3 Section Ⅲ Grammar & Writing-2020-2021学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册新课标辅导【精讲精练】人教版（word)

Section Ⅲ Grammar & Writing 直接引语和间接引语 [语法图解] 直接引语变间接引语 句式转换 几个变化 ①陈述句；②一般疑问句；③特殊疑问句；④祈使句 ①人称；②时态；③语序；④指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 一、基本概念 引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出，叫作直接引语。用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号的叫作间接引语。 直接引语变为间接引语时，需在时态形式、人称代词、指示代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语以及语序等方面作相应的变化。 1．“I like singing，” she said.(直接引语) →She said she liked singing.(间接引语) 她说她喜欢唱歌。 2．“Don't touch anything，”he said.(直接引语) →He told us not to touch anything.(间接引语) 他告诉我们不要碰任何东西。 二、直接引语变为间接引语时各种句式的转换 1．引述陈述句时，用连词that引导(that在口语中常被省略)，引述动词主要用say，tell，repeat，answer，reply，explain，announce，declare，think等。 He said，“I like it very much.” →He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。 He said，“I've left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 他告诉我他把书忘在我房间里了。 2．引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时，通常用whether或if引导，而引述选择疑问句时，一般只能用whether引导，引述动词用asked，语序用陈述句语序。 She said，“Do you like watching the advertisements on TV？” →She asked me if/whether I liked watching the advertisements on TV. 她问我是否喜欢看电视上的广告。 He asked，“They live in groups，don't they？” →He asked whether/if they lived in groups. 他问他们是否是群居。 He asked，“Are you a teacher or a student？” →He asked me whether I was a teacher or a student. 他问我是老师还是学生。 [巧学助记]　一般疑问句变间接引语“口诀” if/whether接引语，陈述语序莫忘记； 人称、时态和状语，变化需用陈述句。 [对点训练1]　句型转换 ①The doctor said，“You should eat more vegetables.” →The doctor told me_that_I_should eat more vegetables. ②He asked，“Are you sure your mother will come？” →He asked me whether/if I was sure my mother would come. ③She said，“You have seen the film，haven't you？” →She asked if/whether_I_had_seen the film. 3．引述特殊疑问句时，用原句中的疑问词作为间接引语的连接词，引述动词用ask(sb.)，语序用陈述句语序。 “Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad？”Bill asked. →Bill asked where I had found the ads for jobs abroad. 比尔问我是在哪儿找到有关到国外工作的广告的。 “What are you doing now？”Mom asked. →Mom asked what I was doing then. 妈妈问我当时在做什么。 [巧学助记]　直接引语为疑问句时，将其变为间接引语要遵循“一改、二换、三变化、四连词”的原则。 一改：指改变语序； 二换：即换said为asked； 三变化：指人称、时态、状语变化； 四连词：即直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语中应用whether/if引导；直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原来的疑问词引导。 4．引述祈使句通常用“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结