内容正文:
非谓语动词
【定义】
非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词,它们在句中不能单独作谓语,而有谓语以外的其他语法功能,在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制,但仍有时态和语态的变化,也可以带宾语和状语,构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词分不定式、动名词和分词三种。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,在特殊情况下有时to可以省略。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时也具有动词的部分特征,能充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。动名词由动词加-ing构成,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。
【知识归纳】
1、 动词不定式
功能
例句
主语
To speak English well isn’t an easy job.
宾语
They decided to change their mind.
宾语补足语
He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.
定语
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
表语
Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children.
状语
目的
Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.
结果
He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside.
【特例清单】
1.不定式作宾语
(1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的would like,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等
例:Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看一场电影吗?
(2)在find,think后面接不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末
例:I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语很容易。
(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式:
why