人教版(2019)选择性必修第一册 Unit1 People of Achievement 培优训练卷 (含答案)
人教版(2019)英语高一下学期培优训练卷
选择性必修第一册 Unit1 People of Achievement
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节）
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
A
Mary Lyon was a leader in women's education in the nineteenth century. It was a time when women's education was not considered important in the United States. States did require each town to provide a school for children, but there were not enough teachers. Most young women were not able to continue their education. If they did, they often were not taught much except the French language, how to sew clothing, and music.
Mary Lyon felt that women's education was extremely important. She believed women were teachers both in the home and in the classroom. Mary opened a school for young women in the village of Buckland. She suggested new ways of teaching, including holding discussion groups for students.
Then, Mary began to raise money for her dream school for the higher education of women. This school would own its own property, guided by an independent group of directors. Its finances would be the responsibility of the directors. It would not depend on any one person to continue. And, the students would share in cleaning and cooking to keep costs down. In 1837, Mary Lyon opened Mount Holyoke Seminary for Women. In 1893, 44 years after her death, under a state law, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary became the first college to offer women the same kind of education as men.
Mary's efforts led to the spread of higher education for women in the United States. Her influence lasted as the many students from her schools went out to teach others.
1．What was American women's problem with education in the 19th century?
A．Teachers were careless about teaching.
B．They had few choices about the subjects.
C．The government paid no attention to education.
D．They had no chance to continue their education.
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Mary thought little of women's education.
B．Mary preferred women to be educated at home.
C．Mary attached importance to women's education.
D．Group discussions were not held in Mary's school.
3．What was Mary's dream school like?
A．It would have very strict rules.
B．It would be independent in finance.
C．It would be owned by the government.
D．It would depend on some important person.
4．Why is Mary still remembered by Americans?
A．She set up the first college.
B．She made women equal to men.
C．She helped to pass American education law.
D．She improved American women's education.
B
Marian Wright Edelman, an American lawyer, educator and children’s rights activist, was born on June 6, 1939 in South Carolina, one of five children. Her father Arthur Wright was a preacher (牧师) who died when she was only 14 years old. In his last words to her, he advised her not to “let anything get in the way of your education.”
After high school, Edelman went on to study at Spelman College and later traveled to the Soviet Union. When she returned to Spelman in 1959, Edelman became involved in the civil rights movement. This work inspired her to drop her plans to enter the Foreign Service and study law instead. In 1973, Edelman set up the Children’s Defense Fund as a voice for poor and disabled children. She served as a public speaker on behalf of these children.
During a tour, Marian met Peter Edelman, an assistant to Kennedy, and the next year she moved to Washington, D．C．to marry him and to work for social justice in the center of America’s political scene. The couple had three sons: Joshua, Jonah and Ezra. Jonah is the founder of Stand for Children, a group that promotes children’s education, and Ezra is a documentary (记录片) filmmaker who won an Emmy for his film “O.J.: Made in America.”
Edelman is the author of many books for children and adults. Her titles for readers include I’m your child, God: Prayers for Our Children, Guide My Feet: Prayers and Meditations for Our Children, Lanterns: A Memoir of Mentors, and The Measure of Our Success: A Letter to My Children and Yours, which was a surprising success.
5．What do we know about Edelman’s family?
A．She was the single child.
B．Her mother was a preacher.
C．They took education seriously.
D．The family had a poor life.
6．Why did Edelman drop her plan to enter the Foreign Service?
A．She wanted to study abroad.
B．She intended to be a lawyer.
C．She had little time for her work.
D．She was interested in civil rights.
7．Where did Edelman get married?
A．In Washington D．C． B．In the Soviet Union.
C．In South Carolina. D．In Spelman.
8．What can be learned about Edelman’s children?
A．They all worked for social justice.
B．They achieved something in career.
C．They won many awards in their lives.
D．They contributed to their mother’s books.
第二节 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tu Youyou was given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for discovering a new drug for malaria. She is the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science.“9． ” China Daily noted.
Malaria is a disease that infects around 200 million people and kills about half a million people each year, according to The Economist. Tu's discovery has saved millions of lives, especially in the developing world. 10．
But the road to this achievement was a tough one to travel. In the late 1960s, Tu joined a government project on which she began research on a new malaria drug. At the beginning, Tu read a lot of old folk remedies, searched texts that were hundreds or thousands of years old and traveled to remote places. Over several months, Tu and her team collected over 600 plants and created a list of almost 380 possible remedies.
“This was the most challenging stage of the project,”Tu told Beijing News.“It was a very labor-demanding and dull job, in particular when you faced one failure after another.”
11． She and her team tested the remedies on malaria-infected mice. They found that an extract from the plant qinghao seemed to work well.
12． The fact that the extract didn't always work against malaria discouraged some of her teammates. But Tu was ambitious to make a contribution to the world and so she encouraged her teammates to keep going. They decided to start again from the beginning.
In 1971, they were rewarded for their efforts. After nearly 200 failures, Tu finally made an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites. The extract was called artemisinin（青蒿素）.
Thanks to decades of persistence, Tu and her team had provided humankind with powerful new means to combat these debilitating（削弱）diseases that affect hundreds of millions of people annually, said the Nobel Prize Committee.“13． ”
A．In 2017,an estimated 219 million cases of malaria occurred worldwide and 435,000 people died, mostly in the African Region.
B．
It has made a great step forward in this field.
C．It is the pride of the whole Chinese science community, which will inspire more Chinese scientists.
D．Not that the work was easier after that.
E. But the hard work and the dullness failed to break the team's spirit.
F. According to the World Health Organization, by 2013 malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000.
G. The consequences in terms of improved human health and reduced suffering are immeasurable.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节）
第一节 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
William Thomson
William Thomson was born on 26 June, 1824 in Belfast He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family moved to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he 14 for more than 50 years.
In Glasgow, Thomson 15 the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different 16 , particularly electromagnetism（电磁学） and thermodynamics（热力学）. 17 Faraday, he was responsible for the introduction of the concept of an electromagnetic field 18 Thomson developed the work of the 19 of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most 20 results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature-the scale based on this is named 21 him.
Throughout his work Thomson’s main goal was the practical use of science. He achieved 22 through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical problem of the day. He was 23 as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866，for which he was knighted in 1866. His 24 in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and 25 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be 26 by electric light.
Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the 27 of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin
was a small river that flowed near Glasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was 28 in Westminster Abbey.
14．A．sought B．confirmed C．held D．admired
15．A．took up B．broke up C．set up D．blew up
16．A．fields B．countries C．labs D．colleges
17．A．In spite of B．Except for C．Together with D．Regardless of
18．A．which B．when C．how D．where
19．A．learners B．pioneers C．competitors D．leaders
20．A．important B．obvious C．fortunate D．positive
21．A．for B．with C．after D．on
22．A．wealth B．fame C．contribution D．enthusiasm
23．A．considered B．attracted C．employed D．accused
24．A．hobby B．desire C．success D．interest
25．A．operate B．invent C．control D．produce
26．A．lit B．built C．decorated D．equipped
27．A．title B．name C．honor D．award
28．A．buried B．respected C．admitted D．preserved
第二节 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for ___29___ (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,___30___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___31___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ___32___(declare) she had no plans ___33___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___34___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___35___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___36___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___37___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___38___ (wonder).”
第三部分 写作
第一节 应用文书面表达
为了弘扬科学家精神, 丰富学校科技艺术节活动内容, 请你用英文介绍一位你最尊敬和爱戴的科学家。内容包括:
1. 对该人物的简单介绍;
2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因;
3. 从其身上得到的启示。
注意: 写作词数应为80左右。
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第二节 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mrs. Brown, a 56-year-old woman, lived by herself in a trailer park near Clovis. She spent every single minute with Clyde, her 7-year-old cat. He brought much fun to her. In fact, she didn't know how she could go on without him. One day she went shopping with him. Unfortunately, she had her lost because of her carelessness. The rest of the day, she wandered in the mall looking for him but in vain.
At last she had to call the police. "My baby has been missing, and I want him back so badly," said Mrs. Brown.
When the policeman asked her to describe Clyde, she told him that Clyde had beautiful green eyes, had all his teeth but was missing half of his left ear, and was seven years old and completely white. She then told the officer that Clyde was about a foot high.
A bell went off. t4ls Clyde your child or your pet?" the officer doubtfully asked. “Well, he's my cat, of course,” Mrs. Brown replied. "Lady, you're supposed to report missing PERSONS, not missing CATS," said the angry policeman. "Well, who can I report this to?" she asked. "You can't. You have to ask around your neighborhood or put up posters," replied the officer.
Mrs. Brown figured that a billboard(广告牌)would work a lot better than a piece of paper on a telephone pole. There happened to be an empty billboard at the end of her street just off the interstate highway. The billboard had a phone number on it.
注意：