内容正文:
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第5讲 完形填空解题技巧
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1. 高考完形填空的文章以380-440词左右的记叙文,夹叙夹议文为主,纯粹的说明文和议论文很少出现。
2. 完形填空的文章话题贴近中学生的生活并通过讲述小故事传递正能量。
3. 完形填空题主要考查学生以下三个方面的知识和技能:
① 对文章的整体理解,上下文段落的衔接,逻辑思维与判断能力;
② 对词汇和惯用法等语言基础知识的考查,多以实词为主,虚词为辅;
③ 对生活中常见的事实进行推理和判断的能力。
4. 完形填空在高考中所占分值为30分(以北京高考为例)。
完形填空这一题型在高一、高二、高三均有涉及,重点考查学生在语境中辨析动词、名词、形容词和副词的能力。记叙文型完形填空出现频率较高,要引起学生足够重视。这些记叙文有人物故事、历史故事、励志故事等,作者切入的角度也是各不相同,涉及社会、家庭、历史、文化、健康、教育等。
解答完形填空的总原则是“先完意,后完形”,即先理解文章的主旨大意和作者要传递的理念,再进行选择填空,在选择过程中需要综合运用做题技巧,以便得到更高的分数。
Guess the missing words in the following paragraph.
A TALE OF TWO CITIES
BY CHARLES DICKENS
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,
it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness,
it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity(怀疑),
it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness,
it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair,
we had everything before us, we had nothing before us,
we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.
完形填空解题步骤及解题技巧
第一步
通读全文
把握脉络
跳过空格,速读全文,把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键词,和句中的连词,如but出现后就说明句子强调的重点是but后面的内容;再如代词it指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想要传达的寓意。
第二步
瞻前顾后
上下求索
联系上下文,运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题,抓住文章中的上下文线索词。【具体的解题策略会在下一部分详细描述】
第三步
再读文章
核查答案
代入答案,再读全文,反复检查,争取做到:
结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。
方法
方法一:词汇复现法
解释
“词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如protect和protection)、同义词/近义词(如road和trail)、反义词(如wrong和 correct)、上下义词(上下义是指词的总结和分解关系,上义词是总称词,下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如adult是my father的上义词;coat是clothes的下义词) 等重复出现在语篇之中。
例题
例1:He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _______, he is quite popular with the people around him.
A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness
【分析:通过上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”,由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选D。】
例2:The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _______.
A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working
【分析:通过上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”,由“forget”可知他越来越“健忘”。故选A。(forgetf