动词变化规律以及注意事项 导学案-2025届高三英语一轮复习

动词变化规律及相应练习 一、过去式和过去分词：规则变化 1. As a little kid, I ____(dream) of an astronaut while other kids ____(play) all the time. 2. Although it rained hard, the farmers ____(work) hard in the field. 3. I had____(live) in Beijing for 10 years and later I ____(hope) to live in the south. 4. Our fight will be ____(carry) through. Never give up halfway. 5. Culture ____(occur) with the origination of mankind and ____(develop) with the progress of society. 6. You can find these buildings ____(design), ___ (plan) and ____(build) in different styles. 7. Do you know the man ____(quarrel) now with a passenger in the corner? 8. The strange old man in that village____(die) 10 years ago 9. When we arrived at the farm, the farmers ____(welcome) us warmly by the roadside. 10. After the earthquake, many buildings _____(destroy) , _____(make) many people homeless. (1. dreamed, played 2. worked 3. lived; hoped 4. carried 5. occurred; developed 6. designed; planned; built 7. quarreling 8. died 9. welcomed 10. were destroyed; making) 总结： 1. 一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed。如：work, play, want, need, act, wish __________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. 以不发音的-e结尾的动词，动词词尾加-d。如：live, move, taste, hope _______________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：study, copy, cry, carry____________ ______________________________________________________________________________ （注意：元音+y的变化 play, destroy ) 4. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写辅音字母，再加-ed，实际上是辅音-元音-辅音结构，且重读。如：stop, beg, nod, admit, plan, fit, prefer, refer, occur, star______________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. 以l结尾，可双写或直接加-ed, 如: travel, quarrel, cancel ________________________ 不规则变化 1. All the players didn’t lost heart in spite of being ____(beat) in the final. (beaten) AAB 类 原形 过去式 过去分词 现分/动名词 单三 中文 beat beat beat beating beats 打败 1. She ____(draw) a picture of him from memory. 2. All the ground was covered with ____leaves. Suddenly a boy ____ down. (fall) 3. My desk mates ____in English fluently and I wanted him to help me to improve my ____English. (speak) 4. We arrived at noon with a ____(rise) son above the head. We ____(sing) and ____(dance)all the way. After a while, we ____ (stop) to have a rest and ____(eat) some fruit and ____(drink) some drinks. 5. I like ____(swim). When I was young, I often ____in the small river ____(run) through our city. (1. drew 2. spoke; spoken 3. risen; sang; danced; stopped; ate; drank 5. swimming; swam; running) ABC类 原形 过去式 过去分词 现分/动名词 单三 中文 be Was/were been being Is/was 是，在 begin began begun beginning begins 开始 blow blew blown blowing blows 吹 break broke broken breaking breaks 破裂、折断 choose chose chosen choosing chooses 选择 do did done doing does 做、干 draw drew drawn drawing draws 画、拉 drive drove driven driving drives 驾驶 drink drank drunk drinking drinks 喝 eat ate eaten eating eats 吃 fall fell fallen falls falls 落下 fly flew flown flying flies 飞 forget forgot forgotten forgetting forgets 忘记 get got gotten getting gets 到达、得到 give gave given giving gives 给 go went gone going goes 去 grow grew grown growing grows 成长、种植 hide hid hidden hiding hides 隐藏 know knew known knowing knows 知道 mistake mistook mistaken mistaking mistakes 犯错 ride rode ridden riding rides 骑 ring rang rung ringing rings 响铃 see saw seen seeing sees 看见 shake shook shaken shaking shakes 摇动 sing sang sung singing sings 唱 speak spoke spoken speaking speaks 说 steal stole stolen stealing steals 偷 forgive forgave forgiven forgiving forgives 饶恕 forbid forbade/forbad forbidden forbidding forbids 禁止 swim swam swum swimming swims 游泳 sink sank sunk sinking sinks 下沉 take took taken taking takes 拿、带 throw threw thrown throwing throws 扔 wake woke woken waking wakes 醒来 wear wore worn wearing wears 穿着、磨损 weave wove woven weaving weaves 编织 write wrote written writing writes 写 tear tore torn tearing tears 撕裂 undertake undertook undertaken undertaking undertakes 承担、从事 rise rose risen rising rises 升起 awake awoke awoken awaking awakes 醒来 arise arose arisen arising arises 出现 strike struck Stricken/struck striking strikes 击、打动 withdraw withdrew withdrawn withdrawing withdraws 撤退、撤出 1. The child was ___(hurt) by his hard words, ___(put) his head under the book. 2. This type of bike ____180 yuan now but in the past it ____230yuan. (cost) 3. I had my hair ___(cut) and ____(shut) myself in the study, ____(read) books aloud. 4. When he _____(hear) the news, he _____(burst) into tears with joy. （1. hurt; putting 2. costs; cost 3. cut; shut; reading 4. heard; burst) AAA类 原形 过去式 过去分词 现分/动名词 单三 中文 broadcast broadcast broadcast broadcasting broadcasts 广播 cost cost cost costing costs 投、掷 cut cut cut cutting cuts 割 hit hit hit hitting hits 击 hurt hurt hurt hurting hurts 受伤 let let let letting lets 让、使 put put put putting puts 放 read read read reading reads 读 set set set setting sets 设置、搭建 shut shut shut shutting shuts 关 upset upset upset upsetting upsets 不安 spit spit spit spitting spits 吐痰 spread spread spread spreading spreads 传播 split split split split splits 分裂 cost cost cost costing costs 纸、花费 burst burst burst bursting bursts 突然爆发 注意：1. broadcast有两种变化，一种是规则变化，直接在此为加-ed，一种是原形。 2. Spit也是两种，一种是spat---spat，另一种是原形。 3. Read的变化是原形，但是读音发生变化，原形读为｛ri:d｝，而过去式和分词读为｛red｝。 1. He has ____(become) an engineer. Looking back at the past, he ___(say) how many difficulties he ____(overcome). 2. He ___(run) so fast and I ___(fall) far behind him. （1. become; said 2. ran; fell) ABA类 原形 过去式 过去分词 现分/动名词 单三 中文 become became become becoming becomes 变成 come came come coming comes 来 overcome overcame overcome overcoming overcomes 克服 run ran run running runs 跑 1. I explained again to make myself ____(understand). 2. One day I was walking through the woods when I ____(feel) some weak sound in the woods. 3. If you have ___(spend) all your money on vacations, then there is nothing to do but to be sorry about the past. 4. These apartment ____(build) 3 years ago have been____(sell) out recently. 5. I have ____(hear) the news, so don’t tell me again. 6. The other day, I ____(learn) from the newspaper that there was another earthquake in that area. (1. understood 2. felt 3. spent 4. built; sold 5. heard 6. learnt/learned) ABB类 原形 过去式 过去分词 现分/动名词 单三 中文 understand understood understood understanding understands 理解 bring brought brought bringing brings 带来 build built built building builds 修建 burn burnt /burned burnt /burned burning burns 燃烧 buy bought bought buying buys 买 catch caught caught catching catches 抓住 deal dealt dealt dealing deals 对付 dig dug dug digging digs 挖 dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt dreaming dreams 梦想 feed fed fed feeding feeds 喂 fight fought fought fighting fights 打仗 find found found finding finds 发现 feel felt felt feeling feels 感觉 hear heard heard hearing hears 听 hold held held holding holds 抓住 keep kept kept keeping keeps 保持 learn learnt/learned learnt/learned learning learns 学习 leap leapt/leapt leapt/leapt leaping leaps 跳跃 leave left left leaving leaves 离开 lend lent lent lending lends 借出 lean leapt/leaned leapt/leaned leaning leans 斜靠 light lit/lighted lit/lighted lighting lights 点燃 lose lost lost losing loses 失去 make made made making makes 使、制作 mean meant meant meaning means 意图 meet met met meeting meets 相遇 pay paid paid paying pays 付钱 say said said saying says 说 sell sold sold selling sells 出售 shine shone shone shining shines 闪烁 send sent sent sending sends 送、派 show showed showed/shown showing shows 显示 sit sat sat sitting sits 坐 sleep slept slept sleeping sleeps 睡觉 spend spent spent spending spends 花费 stick stuck stuck sticking sticks 粘帖 stand stood stood standing stands 站立 sweep swept swept sweeping sweeps 扫 slide slid slid sliding slides 滑 speed sped sped speeding speeds 加速 shoot shot shot shooting shoots 射击 smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled smelling smells 闻 spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled spelling spells 拼写 strike struck Struck/stricken striking strikes 击、打 teach taught taught teaching teaches 教 tell told told telling tells 告诉 think thought thought thinking thinks 想 win won won winning wins 赢 picnic picnicked picnicked picnicking picnics 野炊 panic panicked panicked panicking panics 惊恐 mimic mimicked mimicked mimicking mimics 模仿 wind wound wound winding winds 蜿蜒 1. The boy ____(lie) to his mother that the hen ___(lie) under the table had ____(lay) three eggs that day. 2. In the past there ____(lie) a lake with fishes swimming in it. 3. Early in the morning she ____(hang) the beautiful picture on the hall. 4. Hearing the bad news, hopeless, the old man _____(hang) himself, ending his life. 5. On the wall_____ two pictures. A. hanged B. hangs C. hung 6. He dead last year. (改错） 7. When they hear the news that an earthquake could occur, they _____(panic). 8. The People’s Republic was _____(found) in 1949. 9. In the past, kids had to study under the ______(light) candles. (1. lied; lying; laid 2. lain 3. hung 4. hanged 5. C 6. dead--died 7. panicked 8. founded 9. lighted) 注意：个别动词的过去式和过去分词的不同形式表达不同意思。 Lie 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 单三 中文 lie lied lied lying lies 撒谎 lie lay lain lying lies 位于；在于；躺；卧 lay laid laid laying lays 放置；产卵；下蛋 hang hanged hanged 绞死；吊死；上吊 hang hung hung 悬挂；挂 总结2: picnic 高中英语课本中常见有三个词变过去式、过去分词及现在分词是在词尾加-k在家ed或ing。这三个词分别是picnic（野炊）、panic（惊恐）和mimic (模仿)。 总结3:find的过去式和过去分词为found,found，但是found还可以作为“成立”的动词原形，起变化形式为规则变化 founded, founded。 总结4：有些动词过去分词有两种形式，在使用中有些区别。如light的过去分词有两种，但是在用过去分词作前置定语时，只能用lighted，而不用lit。 总结5：几组有意思的形同变化（找规律） 1. Come/ become/overcome 但是welcome为规则变化 -d -d 2. Give/forgive 3. Stand /Understand/misunderstand 4. Take/undertake/mistake 5. Sit/ babysit 6. Wear /swear 7. Rise /arise 8. Wake/awake 9. Hold/behold(看见） 10. Set/upset 11. Go/undergo 12. do/undo 13. lead/mislead 二、动词的现在分词变化规则 1. Don’t wake ____(sleep) baby. 2. I just now saw him ____(study) in the classroom. 3. I am ____(write) to invite you to see a film: Butterfly Lovers. 4. He is ____(begin) to realize he is wrong. 5. Data binding is the process of ____(tie) the data in one object to another object. 6. Yesterday, I saw my close friend _____(shop) in the store. (1. sleeping 2. studying 3. writing 4. beginning 5. tying 6. shopping) 总结： 1. 一般在动词末直接加-ing，如work, study, do, cook, eat ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 以不发音的字母-e结尾，去掉e，再加-ing，如：skate, have, ride, come, make _______________________________________________________________________________3. 以重读闭音节结尾动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母，再加-ing，如put, run, stop, shop, refer, refer ___________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 4. 以-ie结尾的动词，把ie变成y，再加ing，如lie, tie, die。 三、动词第三人称单数变化规则 1. He often ____(read) English every morning and then ____(play) for a while. 2. When we were children, we often ____(fly) kites in the field. 3. Lily ____(watch) TV for 2 hours every night, which ____(make) his parents worried. 4. Father as well as his three children ___(go) fishing every weekend. 5. Li Hua ____(have) a Chinese-English dictionary to share it with us. 6. Jack, who ____(be) my friend, will never betray me. I believe. (1. reads; plays 2. flew 3. watches; makes 4. goes 5. has 6. is) 总结： 1. 大多数动词在词尾加-s，在清辅音后读为：__s__；在浊元音后读：__z_。例如： Works, sees, begins, builds, keeps, plays... 2. 在辅音字母y结尾，现将y变为i, 然后加es, 读为：__iz___,如：studies, worries等。 以“s, ch, sh, ss”结尾，加es, 读为：iz__，例如： fishes, watches, pass 3. 以‘o’结尾，加es，如：does, go--goes 4. be动词为is, am, are 第三人称单数用is，第一人称为am，过去式was; 复数are,过去式were。过去分词为been. 5. have的单三为has。 共6页 第1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$