Unit 1 Laugh out loud Period 2 Using language 知识点梳理-2020-2021学年高二上学期英语期末考点大串讲（新教材外研版选择性必修第一册）

Unit 1  Lough out loud!

Period 2  Using language 知识点梳理

单元语法精讲精练－非限制性定语从句

I.语法感知

感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题

1．I walk through the doors into the waiting area，where there’s a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension. 2．People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines，all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. 3．I speak with the on-duty nurse，who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle. 4．Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better，which means clown doctors can be helpful.

 

非限制性定语从句是对主句中的先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。句1中where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰上文的the waiting area；

句2中用了“不定代词＋of＋which”引导非限制性定语从句；

句3中who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰上文的nurse；

句4中which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句。

II.语法精析

非限制性定语从句

与限制性定语从句相比较，非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。

1．引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who，whom或whose；指物时用which或whose。

This is our headmaster，who I think has something important to tell you.

这是我们的校长，我认为他有重要的事情要告诉你。

My elder sister has become a doctor，which I wanted to be.

我大姐成了一名医生，我原来也想做一名医生的。

2．引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when和where。当先行词指时间时，关系副词用when；指地点时用where。

Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland，where he was buried in 1977.

卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里。

He left his hometown in 1992，when he was only 12 years old.

他于1992年离开家乡，当时他只有12岁。

3．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句存在许多不同之处，主要有以下几点：

(1)引导词不同：关系代词that，关系副词why均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。

(2)非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，译成汉语时，通常不翻译作定语，而是译成与主句并列的句子。

I have two foreign teachers，both of whom are from America.

我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。

The foreign teacher who comes from America teaches us literature.

从美国来的那位外教教我们文学。

(3)非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分，均不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可省略。

This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about.

这正是我们正谈论的那个人。

This is the man，whom we talked about just now.

这就是那个人，我们刚才谈论过的。

(4)在限制性定语从句中，关系词指人时，作宾语的whom可以用who或that代替，但在非限制性定语从句中不可以代替。

He is the very person (whom/who/that) we referred to.

他正是我们提到过的那个人。

Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.

彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。

4．as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：

(1)as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句修饰整个句子。as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，还可放在主句之中，有“像……一样，正如，正像”的意思。

As we all know，he studies very hard.(as作宾语)

我们都知道他学习很用功。

As is known to all，he is the tallest student in our class.(as作主语)

众所周知，他是我们班最高的学生。

Taiwan，as is known to all，is an inseparable part of China.(as作主语)

大家都知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。

(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代某个词或词组，但是不能放于句首。

He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry.(which指代整个主句的内容)

他开会迟到了，主席为此非常生气。

I want to buy the house，which has a garden.(which指代the house)