内容正文:
Period Four Discovering Useful Structures—Noun Phrases,Adjective Phrases and Adverb Phrases
语法感知
感知以下课文原句,完成方框下的小题
1.The first week was a little confusing.
2.I know that Chinese is a very difficult language.
3....but the coach told me that I didn’t play well enough.
4.I joined a volunteer club instead.
5....and get used to being responsible for a lot more.
6.I’m a bit worried about keeping up with the other students...
1.所有黑体部分都是短语。
2.the first week,a very difficult language,the coach,a volunteer club都是名词短语;a little confusing,being responsible for,a bit worried都是形容词短语;well enough是副词短语。
语法精析
在高中阶段,常见的短语形式有:名词短语(Noun Phrases)、形容词短语(Adjective Phrases)、副词短语(Adverb Phrases)、介词短语(Prepositional Phrases)及动词短语(Verb Phrases)等。本单元只讲解前面三种形式。
一、名词短语
名词短语:指以一个名词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于名词,可作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
1.常见名词短语的构成形式有:
(1)限定词+名词 如:the girl
(2)限定词+形容词(短语)+名词 如:a beautiful girl
(3)限定词+名词+介词短语 如:a beautiful campus of my school
(4)限定词+描述性名词+名词 如:my school life
2.名词短语的句法功能:
(1)作主语
The interesting title of the article attracted a lot of readers.
这篇文章有趣的标题吸引了很多读者。
[温馨提示]
名词短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与名词短语中的中心词保持一致。
A number of books are on the desk.
The number of books is not large.
(2)作表语
How to fight against such a disease is a hot topic today.
怎样与那种疾病作斗争是今天的热点话题。
(3)作宾语
She bought her mother some flowers.
她给母亲买了一些花。
(4)作宾补
People considered him the better man for the work.
人们认为他比较适合干这项工作。
二、形容词短语
形容词短语,是指一个以形容词为中心构成的短语,在句子中的功能相当于形容词,可以修饰名词或代词,还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。
1.常见形容词短语的构成形式有:
(1)副词+形容词 如:very suitable
(2)形容词+enough 如:good enough
(3)形容词+介词短语 如:good for nothing
(4)副词+形容词+介词 如:well worthy of praise
2.形容词短语可有如下句法功能:
(1)作定语,修饰名词或代词等
This is a most serious problem.
这是一个极其严重的问题。
(2)作表语
He is interested in watching TV.
他对看电视感兴趣。
(3)作宾语,英语中“the+形容词”可以作为名词使用,担任动词的宾语,表示具有该形容词的特征、性质或者状态的人、事或物。
We should respect the old.
我们应该尊敬老年人。
(4)作宾补
I found the new film very interesting.
我发现新电影非常有趣。
三、副词短语
以副词为中心词的短语是副词短语。副词短语的结合方式是:修饰语+副词,有时中心词之后还带有后置修饰语或补足成分。如:very carefully,pretty soon,far from the station等。
副词短语在句子中