内容正文:
2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语
语法基础复习讲义[07]
部分倒装术语解读
部分倒装通常指的是将部分谓语(通常是辅助动词)放到主语之前的一种语法结构,而句子的其它部分则基本能够保持原来的顺序。部分倒装是倒装结构的一种,另一种是与之相对的完全倒装。使用倒装结构通常会使语体显得更为正式或更富文学性。
部分倒装常见于以下情况:
1. 以only开始的句子
2. 以否定开始的句子
3. 省略if的虚拟语气条件句
4. 在表示比较的as, than之后
5. 当表示强调的so, such位于句首时
6. 当表示“也”的so位于句首时
7. 当表示频率的副词位于句首时
8. 当表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时
具体示例如下:(只标出了与部分倒装结构相关的部分:黑色加粗字体是主语;红色字体都是谓语动词,其中,加粗红字是实义动词,未加粗红字是辅助动词。)
1. 以only开始的句子当句子以“only+副词/介词/连词”开始时,常使用倒装结构。例如:only later, only once, only then, only after, only when, only if, only by, only in, only with等。
Only later did we find that Max was a girl.
Only once has he felt regretful about his decision.
Only when you live alone will you feel it.
Only by chance did I get the right answer.
Only in this way can everyone be satisfied.
2. 以否定开始的句子当句子以含有no, not, neither/nor, 或其它否定含义的副词、连词或介词词组等开始时,常使用倒装结构。
1) 含有no
· no sooner...than,
· at no time,
· in no way,
· on no account,
· under/in no circumstances
At no time did I mean to hurt you.
Under no circumstance are we allowed to stay up late.
2) 含有not
· not only,
· not until,
· not+宾语
Not only is she the owner of this castle, but many other buildings as well.
Not until this morning did I find my exercise book.
Not until it got dark did they stop working.
Not a single word has the girl said since then.
3) neither/nor...
Natalie didn't want to win, neither did she like to lose.
My partners haven't decided yet, nor have I.
4) 其它常见否定表达
· never (before),
· rarely,
· seldom,
· barely/hardly/scarcely...(when/before),
· nowhere
· little
Seldom did he speak.
Hardly had people pointed it out before I met you.
Little do you know how much I miss you.
Never (before) has Andy talked about his job.
3. 省略if的虚拟语气条件句在条件状语从句中使用倒装结构,可以省略引导词if,语体也会变得更为正式,这种用法常见于使用虚拟语气的情况下。
参照:It would be easier, if it were to be windy that day.例句:It would be easier, were it to be windy that day.
参照:If you should need more help, please contact us via email.例句:Should you need more help, please contact us via email.
参照:If Chris had come here last Sunday, you wo