（PPT课件）第十二章 非谓语动词-【解密英语】新高考实战语用语法

第十二章 非谓语动词 在语篇中感知非谓语动词 Making one’s dream come true is not easy for a poor child, but it is worth trying. Bill enjoys playing the piano. He envies the children having one, but his parents are too poor to afford any. To realize his dream, he works very hard, taking two part-time jobs at weekdays and weekends. Knowing his son spends too much time in making money, the father is concerned about his study and health. He wants to help his son. He has decided to sell his car bought last year. Refused by his son, he stopped selling the car. Not having earned enough to buy a new one, Bill has a plan to purchase a second-hand one temporarily. Now his dream of owning a piano is on the way. 第十二章 非谓语动词 核心问题导学 1.如何区分动词的谓语形式与非谓语形式？ 2.动词的非谓语形式有哪些？ 3.动词的非谓语形式可以充当哪些句子成分？ 4.从哪些方面确定在一个句子中具体使用的是何种非谓语动词？ 5.什么叫动词的逻辑主语？ 6.在非谓语形式下，动词主动表示被动的特例有哪些？ 第十二章 非谓语动词 第十二章 非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词的概念与分类 英语中，不能作句子谓语，而是担任其他语法功能的动词，叫作非谓语动词。 非谓语动词分为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词)。 （一）不定式 ①基本形式 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，to有时可省略，有时态和语态之分。 不定式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 第十二章 非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词的概念与分类 ②不定式的时态与语态 ⑴不定式的一般式表示将来，即不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之后（相当于一般将来时），或指一般情况或同时发生（相当于一般现在时）。 He promised to lend us his boat. 他许诺把船借给我们。 She seems to lack courage. 她好像缺乏勇气。 ⑵不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或正在进行，还可以表示一段时间内持续的行为（相当于进行时）。 The child seems to be dreaming. 孩子好像在做梦。 He happened to be talking of me when I came in. 当我进来的时候，他碰巧谈到我。 ⑶不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作先于谓语动作发生或表示在某个特定时间之前已发生（相当于完成时）。 I am sorry to have forgotten your umbrella. 对不起，我忘了你的伞。 I pretended to have finished my homework when Mother got back. 当妈妈回来时，我假装完成了作业。 也可与would/should like, was/were to连用，表示未曾实现的愿望。 I would like to have visited you but my baby was ill. 我本来想拜访您，但是孩子病了。 I was to have invited you but you were on business. 我本来打算邀请您，但是您出差了。 第十二章 非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词的概念与分类 ⑷不定式的完成进行式表示在谓语动作之前一直在进行的动作。 The boy seems to have been waiting for two hours. 那个男孩好像已经等了两个小时了。 ⑸不定式是否用被动形式根据句意确定（特殊情况参见第十一章“被动语态”）。观察对比