牛津上海版一轮复习学案 主谓一致

第18章 主谓一致 I. 语法一致原则 1. 主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 2. 主语是“A and B"时，常有以下几种情况: 1) A,B指不同的人、事或物时，谓语动词用复数形式。 2) "A and B'，指同一个人(只用一个冠词)、同一物或同一个观念时，谓语动词用单数形式， 如： 比较： The scholar and musician visits our school every year.(一人) 这位学者兼音乐家每年访问我们学校。 The scholar and the musician visit our school every year.(两人) 这位学者和这位音乐家每年访问我们学校。 比较: Bread and butter(=Buttered-bread)is my son's favour.(一种食物) 奶油面包是我儿子的最爱。 Both bread and butter are the necessaries of life.(两种食物) 面包和奶油两者都是生活的必需品。 常见的类似情况还有: "War and Peace"《战争与和平》 all work and, no play(只工作而不娱乐) slow and steady (慢而稳) curry and chicken（咖喱鸡） fish and chips(薯条鱼块) early to bed and early to rise(早起早睡) law and order(法制) bacon and scrambled eggs(培根炒蛋) science and technology(科学技术) truth and honesty(诚信) 3) A和B之前有。each, every, many a, no等修饰词时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ( with . . . )4) A与B之间有下列词语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与A保持一致。 ( A+ ) ( in addition to ( =besides) 等 ) ( rather than. . ) ( but (except)... ) ( except . ) ( like( 像 ).. ) ( including .. ) ( plus( 以及 )… ) ( accompanied by.. ) ( no less than. ) ( as well as. . . ) ( together with.. ) ( along with. . ) ( +B+ 谓语动词的单复数形式 ( 与 A 一致 ) ) 5) 如果A和B两个主语中有一个是否定，动词的单复数形式要与肯定的主语保持一致。 【注】否定主语在前时后接连词but，肯定主语在前时后接连词and，而且用逗点将"and十否定主语”分开，and可省略。 3. "no十单数名词”作主语时谓语动词用单数形式;"no+复数名词”作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。 4. little, a little, much作主语，后接谓语动词的单数形式;few, a few, many, both, several作主语，后接谓语动词的复数形式。 5. many十复数名词”作主语时，谓.语动词用复数形式。 "many a (many and many a )+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 【注】many students(普通用语) many a student(语气较强) many and many a student(语气最强) 6. 动词不定式、动名词、从句作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式、但what引导的从句作主语，其表示的含义是复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 7. 定语从句中关系代词who,what,which作主语时，其谓语动词应与先行词的单复数形式保持一致。 专项训练1 选择填空 1. To say something __________ one thing, to do it __________ another. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 2. She and I __________ classmates when we were at college. A. am B. was C. are D. were 3. Both Tom and Mary __________ the exam. A. has passed B. have been passed C. have passed D. had passed