内容正文:
专题二 语法填空
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1.命题形式
语法填空是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空白,考查考生在理解文章大意的基础上,对语境中的词语、句子、篇章逻辑的正确使用能力,涵盖了词汇、语法规则、构词知识、逻辑理解等层面,其中包括结合上下文直接填写1个单词和用所给单词的正确形式填写两种形式。分析2017—2020年的高考语法填空试题我们可以看出语法填空题的设空规律。
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2017—2020年高考全国卷语法填空考情一览表
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2.命题规律
(1)无提示词
从上表我们可以看出,无提示词填空一般考查助动词、情态动词、冠词、介词、副词、代词、连词或从句的连接词。
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(2)有提示词
有提示词填空主要考查词性转换、时态及语态和非谓语动词形式。
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Passage 1
(2020·全国1,15分,难度★★)
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—61. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.Landing on the moon’s far side is 62. (extreme) challenging.Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular 64. (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so 65. to familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments
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onboard Chang’e-4 66. (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct).”Data about the moon’s composition,such as how 69. ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether 70. (it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
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【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆,彰显了中国成为第一个使探测器在月球背面着陆的国家的民族自豪感。
61.答案touched
解析考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知,主语为The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe,设空处为谓语动词,根据空后的last week可知,此处应用一般过去时。
62.答案extremely
解析考查副词。此处修饰形容词challenging,应用副词形式。
63.答案where
解析考查定语从句。先行词是一个表示地点的名词spot,并且引导词在从句中充当地点状语,故用关系副词where。
64.答案interest
解析考查名词。“be+of+抽象名词”为固定搭配。
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65.答案th