2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法学习笔记（01）非谓语动词之不定式知识点概要

2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法学习笔记（01）非谓语动词之不定式知识点概要 非谓语动词一共三种 1 不定式 · 原形不定式 · to do 2 分词 · 现在分词 · 过去分词 3 动名词 不定式 不定式的功能（to do） 1 当名词 2 当形容词 I have something to do. 3 当副词 · I came to see her. 名词不定式的用法 1 作主语，表示意愿或者未完成的事，可用 it 替代 I know what it is to be in debt. 2 作及物动词的宾语,但不作介词的宾语 I want to see him. · think of +n 想到 · anticipate doing something 期待做某事 · 名词不定式不可以直接作不及物动词的宾语，要用形式宾语 it 代替 3 作表语 有do无to原则 All you have to do/All I can do/What you should do/All I did yesterday is do something 形容词不定式的用法 1 后位修饰 2 可等于关系代词作主语引导的定语从句 I have no friend to advise me. = I have no friend who can advise me. 3 可等于关系代词作宾语引导的定语从句 There are many sights to see here.=There are many sights which we can see here. 被修饰的名词一定要作不定式短语中的宾语，否则就要作介词的宾语 Give me a chair to sit in .   be 动词之后的形容词不定式有下列意义 · 主动的 表将来 He is to come tomorrow. 表义务=should You are to do it. ·  被动的 表当然 =should Sucha lazy man is to be fired . 表可能 =can My hat was nowhere to be found.   副词不定式的用法 · 修饰动词，置于动词之后 He has agreed to do it . · 修饰形容词，置于形容词之后 He is apt to lie. 他爱说谎。 · 修饰副词，置于副词之后 He is old enough to go swimming alone . He is too old to swim. 不定式若出现在主语之前，一定具有形容词功能来修饰这个主语 所以该不定式所表示的动作必须是它所修饰的主语的动作 To please her, a song was sung.错误 He sang a song to/ so as to please her. He sang a song with an eye to /with a view to pleasing her.   独立不定式 用来修饰整个句子，不必考虑主语是人是物，有时作插入语 · To tell the truth · To be frank with you · To do him justice, he has done his best.平心而论，他已经尽力了。 · To make matters worse 更糟糕的是 · He is nice, to be sure, but I don’t like him. · He is, so to speak, a rascal. 可以这么说，使用时一定插入在be动词和名词之间   疑问词+不定式=名词短语 · where to go · when to do it · how to swim · what to do · which to buy · whom to see where when how 疑问副词 不作不定式的宾语 what which whom 疑问代词 作不定式中的宾语 I am at a loss as to how to do it. (as to 通常省略)   that从句简化为不定式 It seems/appears /happened/ chanced that 简化为： He seems to /appears to I happened to /chanced to   It is said /reported /rumored/ known /thought/believed that 简化为： He is said/ reported/ rumored/ known/ thought/ believed to do 如何变化 · 时态