2021届高中英语新高考语法核心考点专项复习（05）定语从句知识点整理总结

2021届高中英语新高考语法核心考点专项复习（05）定语从句知识点整理总结    在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般位于先行词之后，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，引导定语从句，同时它又作定语从句的一个成分。使用什么样的关系词要根据先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分而定。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时在限定性定语从句中可省略，但如果直接置于介词之后作宾语，则不可省略。关系代词which 或whom 在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词一般可放在 which 或whom之前，也可放在从句原来的位子上，在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来位子上，而不放在 which 或whom 之前。   关系代词: 1.  who（指人，主格）在定语从句中who 作主语。如： This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life. 这就是救了那个男孩的医生。 The students who don’t study hard now will not work very well in the future. 现在学习不努力的学生将来也不会很好地工作。 It is dangerous to let the children who aren’t old enough swim alone in the river. 让那些年龄不够大的孩子们单独去河里游泳是危险的。 This is the girl who I think is a good student. 这就是我认为是个好学生的那个女孩。 （此处关系词只能用主格who，原因是先行词the girl在定语从句中作了I think的宾语从句的主语，还原为： I think the girl is a good student.可知是在定语从句中作主语。）   2.  whom（指人，宾格）在定语从句中作宾语。在限定性定语从句中通常可以省略，但如果直接置于介词之后作宾语，则不可省略。如： The professor (whom) they want to visit is president of the university. 他们想拜访的那位教授是这所大学的校长。 The friend (whom) I was travelling with could speak French fluently. =The friend with whom I was travelling could speak French fluently. 和我一起旅行的朋友会讲流利的法语。 In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person (whom)she could turn to for help. =In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的街上，她连一个求助的人都找不到。 In the factory there are more than three hundred workers, 50 per cent of whom are young people. 在那家工厂有三百多个工人，其中百分之五十是年轻人。   3.  whose （一般指人，也可指物，所有格）在定语从句中作定语。指物时可用of which来替换。如：   Do you know the boy whose brother works in the government? 你认识他的哥哥在政府部门工作的那个男孩吗？ Wei Hua is the student whose house caught fire last night. 魏华就是昨天晚上他家着火的那个学生。 This is the man whose son I called on yesterday. 这就是我昨天拜访过他儿子的那个人。 The building whose roof we can see from here is a hotel. =The building, the roof of which we can see from here, is a hotel. =The building, of which the roof we can see from here, is a hotel. 从这儿我们可以看见它的屋顶的那幢建筑是一家旅馆。 Living in a house whose walls were all made of g