微技能 扫读段落，归纳文章主旨-初中同步九年级英语阅读写作技能训练

阅读进阶 Graded Reading 在上一期，我们学习了通过扫读段落来判断细节位置的方法。但是扫读的意义不仅在此。通过扫读，我们还可以总结文章的主旨大意，这就是我们这一期学习的内容。 扫读段落，归纳文章主旨 通过上一期的学习，我们了解到扫读段落可以帮助我们判断细节题的答案位置。也就是说透过扫读，我们几乎就可以知道了文章的一些细节信息，那么我们把这些信息加以归纳总结也就可以得出段落或者文章的主旨大意了。当然，对于一些有主旨句的段落或者文章，在扫读的过程中找到这些主旨句更是归纳文章主旨的最有效、也是最准确的方法了。 测一测 请扫读下面这篇文章，找出每一段的关键词，然后归纳每一个段落及文章的主旨大意。 William Shakespeare was born in 1564 at Stratford-on-Avon in England. At that time Elizabeth I had been the Queen for years. We do not know much about Shakespeare’s life. However, we know that his father was a shopkeeper and that his mother was the daughter of a farmer. William went to Stratford Grammar School. There he learnt Latin (拉丁语), scripture and mathematics. When he left school, William was employed by his father. He married a local girl, Anne Hatheway, when he was eighteen. Three years later, he left Stratford and went to London. Now, have a look at what Shakespeare did between 1585 and 1590. By the end of 1590, he had joined a group of actors and started writing plays. During the next twenty years, he wrote thirty-two plays. He possibly wrote more plays, which he had not published or performed. 下面，我们一起来扫读并归纳主旨大意。 第一段：本段只有两句话，我们扫读后发现第一句就是本段的主旨句，而这个主旨句中的关键词为Shakespeare, born, in 1564和in England。由此，我们可以归纳第一段的主旨为：When and where Shakespeare was born. 第二段：本段同样只有两句话，但是其中的任何一句都不能称之为主旨句。这就需要我们找出关键词，自己进行归纳总结了。扫读之后，我们会发现本段的第一句为无用信息，段落大意是涵盖在第二句话中的，因此我们来看一看第二句的关键词。它们分别是：his father, shopkeeper, his mother, daughter of a farmer。因此，我们可将段落大意归纳为：Information about Shakespeare’s parents. 第三段：这一段就比较长了，共包含有五句话。扫读一遍会发现其中也不包含有主旨句。那么，我们就一起来看一下这个段落里的关键词。它们分别是：went to, School, learnt, mathematics, employed, married, left, Stratford, went to, London。根据这些关键词，我们可知，这一段的主旨为：Information about Shakespeare’s studies and jobs. 第四段：这一段共包含有四句话，但是句子结构都比较复杂。幸运的是，我们扫读一遍发现本段的首句就是主旨句。而且该句中已经包含了简明扼要的主旨概括：what Shakespeare did between 1585 and 1590。这样，我们便轻易得到了本段的主旨大意。 通过扫读，我们已经明晰了每个段落的大意，那么文章的主旨也就不难得出。Introduction of Shakespeare应该就是本文最简明、也是最准确的主旨表达了。 通过上面的练习，我们可知，面对考查文章或段落主旨大意的题目时，我们在扫读时首先要注意寻找主旨句