专题09 被动语态-八年级英语暑假语法知识大串讲（河北版）

被动语态 本章内容 1.知识结构 2.知识解析 3.知识拓展 4.河北真题训练 一．知识结构 二．知识解析 考点一　常用时态的被动语态 1.被动语态的基本结构:be+动词的过去分词 2.几种常考的被动语态的结构如下表(以动词do为例): 结构 主动语态 被动语态 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般现 在时 do/does We clean the classroom. 一般过 去时 did He made the kite. 一般将 来时 will/shall/be going to+do They will plant trees tomorrow. 含有情 态动词 can/may/must+do I can find him. 题组训练 一、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.The meeting 　 　(hold) at 3 in the afternoon.  2.Lucy 　 　 (force) to work for ten hours a day yesterday.  3.Bicycles should not 　 　 (ride) in the playground.  4.Trees 　 　 (plant) in spring every year.  考点二　被动语态的基本用法 在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况: 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。 This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 Many trees must be planted every year.每年必须种许多树。 3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的广泛使用) 考点三　主动语态与被动语态的转换 (一)主动语态变为被动语态 1.要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。 2.把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,并由by引导。 3.谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 如: We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态)→He was asked to sing an English song by us. 　　(二)带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如: She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)→ I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me改为了主语) A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语a book改为了主语) 　　(三)短语动词变为被动语态 许多由不及物动词和介词构成的短语动词相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。但是短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词。如: We should speak to old men politely.(变为被动语态)→Old men should be spoken to politely.(to不可省略) 　　(四)带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。如: I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)→Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 　　(五)变被动语态后动词形式的选择 主动句中在感官动词see,hear,watch,notice等及使役动词let,make,have等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,应加上不定式符号to。如: He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)→ The girl is made to stay at home by him. We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.(变为被动语态)→The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening. 题组训练　把下列句子变成被