内容正文:
2020年初中英语中考语法基础版复习讲义(二一)被动语态知识点总结
初中阶段,被动语态学习的重点要放在对最基本句型的理解和识记上。打好基础才能更好前行。
01
被动语态的基本概念
被动语态,简单来说,就是将“把字句”变成“被字句”的过程。\如:
I beat Tom.
我把汤姆揍了一顿。
Tom was beaten by me.
汤姆被我揍了一顿。
被动语态有三个基本要素,缺一不可:
a. 动作执行者, I
b. 及物动词, beat
c. 动作承受者, Tom
其中,被动语态中的动作执行者往往以by引出。
02
被动语态的构成
被动语态是由“动作承受者+be+动词的过去分词”构成。根据时态的不同,被动语态的结构也会有一定变化,具体如下:
一般现在时
am/is/are+done (不含情态动词)
情态动词+be+done
一般过去时
was/were+done
一般将来时
will/shall be+done
现在进行时
am/is/are being+done
过去进行时
was/were being+done
现在完成时
have/has been+done
过去完成时
had been +done
03
有些动词没有被动语态
有些动词没有被动语态,在使用时直接用主动表示被动即可。这些动词包括:
a. 不及物动词。
被动语态要有动作承受者和动作执行者,不及物动词没有承受者,因此无被动语态。如:happen, take place, run等。
b. 感官动词“…起来怎么样”。
感官动词listen, sound, feel, taste在表示“…起来怎么样”的概念时,一般接形容词,其后没有承受者,故而无被动语态。
c. leave, enter,suit三者无被动
离开、进入、适合,都是相互的,没有谁是执行者、谁是承受者的区分,因此无被动语态。如:
He entered the room. √
The room was entered by him. ×
他进了房间。 √
房间被他进了。×
04
to do(不定式)的被动语态
在初中阶段,我们要记住以下不定式的被动语态情况。
这三种情况不用被动语态:
a. have something to do不用被动语态。
I have a lot of things to do.
我有很多事情要做。
b. there be +名词短语+to do不用被动语态。
There are lots of food here for us to eat.
这里有很多食物供我们吃。
c. too...to结构不用被动语态。
The question is too hard to answer.
这个问题太难,无法回答。
这两种情况可以用被动语态:
d. worthy to be done 值得被做。
The question is worthy to be discussed.
这个问题值得讨论一下。
e. need to be done 值得被做。
The issue needs to be further discussed.
这个问题值得进一步讨论。
经典习题
1.—Wow, your silk dress looks so beautiful! How much is it?
—Well, it me $50.
A. cost
B. was cost
C. spent
D. was spent
2.—Sandy was made by some boys.
— Oh, sorry to hear that.
A. cry
B. to cry
C. cried
D. to crying
3.—These oranges look ugly, but they very sweet.
— If so, I’d like to buy some.
A. tasted
B. were tasted
C. taste
D. are tasted
4.—Don’t you like the car? It so well.
—I like it a lot, but I just can’t afford it.
A. sells
B. is sold
C. sold
D. was sold
5.As is known to all, the 2022 Winter Olympics in China.
A. took place
B. will take place
C. were taken place
D. will be taken place
参考答案:ABCAB
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