内容正文:
2020年初中英语中考语法基础版复习讲义(十六)时间、条件、地点状语从句知识点总结
状语从句有九大类,分别是时间、条件、地点、原因、结果、目的、让步、方式、比较状语从句。
01
状语从句的概念和时态
所谓状语从句,是指由一个句子充当状语成分。根据状语的类型,状语从句可以分为9种。
状语从句的时态规律:
a. 如果主句是现在或将来时态,从句一般用现在时,称为主将从现。
b. 如果主句是过去时态,从句根据情况变成相应的过去时态。
c. 如果主从句符合虚拟语气的特征,需要用虚拟语气的特殊句型。具体请见高中系列语法。
状语和状语从句功能相同,但结构不一样。如:
I went to school yesterday.
我昨天去学校了。
注意:yesterday是时间状语。
I went to school when I heard the news.
当我听到那个消息时,我去了学校。
注意:when I heard the news是时间状语从句,功能上相当于上句的yesterday.
其他状语从句也是如此,且看下文逐一分解。
02
时间状语从句
所谓时间状语从句,是指从句在复合句中表示动作发生的时间。
时间状语从句是最常见、最常考的状语从句,请大家务必重视。它的引导词主要包括:
when,当…时
When you encounter snakes, you should be very cautious.
当你遇到蛇时,你要非常小心。
while,当…时
I was doing my homework while my brother slept beside me.
当我做作业时,我弟弟在我身边睡着了。
as,一边…一边,随着
He occasionally looked back as he went on the stage.
他上台时偶尔向后看看。
till/until, 直到
He didn't go to sleep until I came back.
我回来后他才上床睡觉。
before/after,之前、之后
The fire lasted for two hours before it was finally put out.
大火持续了2个小时才被扑灭。
since, 自从
It has been three years since we last met.
距上次相见,已有三年了啊。
as soon as/ the moment/once,一…就…
I'll contact you as soon as you come back.
你回来我就联系你。
instantly 等,一…就…
The machine will work instantly you press the button.
你一按按钮,机器就立即开动。
each/every time, 每当
Each/every time I was in trouble, he would offer to help me.
我每次遭殃,他都主动帮我。
hardly...when; no sooner.. than,一...就
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
我一回家,天就开始下雨了。
03
条件状语从句
所谓条件状语从句,是指从句在复合句中表示某种假设。
条件状语从句主要由if来引导,if引导的条件句包括真实条件句和虚拟条件句,其中后者又涉及到虚拟语气的用法。
本文只总结其他条件状语从句的引导词。
unless, 除非
We will stick to the original plan unless the boss changes his mind.
除非老板变卦,我们还是坚持原来的方案。
so/as long as, 只要
You may borrow money from me as long as you return it on time.
只要你按时归还,你就可以从我这里借钱。
on condition that , 在…条件下
I will lend the money to you on condition that you promise to return it next month.
你承诺下个月还钱,我就借你。
supposing +从句,如果/假如
Supposing there is only one ball in the box, what colour will you expect it to be?
假如箱子里只有一个球,你猜它是什么颜色?
注意:口语中用suppose也可以。
provided+从句,如果/假如
I will let you copy