内容正文:
2020年初中英语中考语法基础版复习讲义(十三)五大不定式知识点总结(含练习)
介绍初中五个最常见的不定式用法。
01
不定式的概念
不定式也即to do,有些情况下不带to,只有一个do,不定式可以做动词的宾语、也可以做宾语的补足语,还可以做主语、表语、定语、状语等。
在初中阶段,我们只需要掌握一些常见的不定式用法即可,学有余力的同学也可以多学一点。
下面我就来谈谈初中最常见的四大不定式。
注意:下文中(sb.)表示加或不加sb都可以,如果没有括号,则一般必须加。
02
want (sb.) to do
want是一个及物动词,后面可以接名词,也可以接不定式,但不能接doing。如:
I want a cup of coffee.
我要一杯咖啡。
I want to have a cup of coffee.
我想要一杯咖啡。
I want him to help me with my homework.
我想让他帮我做作业。
03
would like (sb.) to do
would like 是一个短语,整体相当于want,可以简写成'd like,后面即可接名词,可以接不定式,但不可以接doing。如:
I'd like a cup of coffee.
我要一杯咖啡。
I'd like to have a cup of coffee.
我想要一杯咖啡。
I'd like him to help me with my homework.
我想让他帮我做作业。
04
ask/tell sb. to do
ask/tell sb. to do表示“让某人做某事”,表示主语命令或要求某人去做某事,和want/would like的“想要”有很大区别。如:
The teacher tells/asks me to bring him a cup of tea.
老师让我给他倒一杯茶。
05
advise sb. to do
advise sb. to do建议某人做某事,这个句型在初中出现的频率也很高,大家要背下来。
advise是典型的不能直接加不定式的及物动词,但它可以接doing结构。如:
I advise him not to challenge the authority of the government.
我建议他不要去挑战政府的权威。
He advises moving to the south.
他建议搬到南边住。
类似的动词还有allow/permit/forbid等表示允许、禁止的词,只能加doing或sb.to do,不能直接加to do,大家需要注意。
06
like (sb.) to do
like (sb.) to do表示想要做某事。
它和like doing的区别是,后者是爱好,表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作。前者是当下的想法。
如:
Most parents like their children to stay by their side.
大部分父母都想要孩子待在身边。
I like drinking coffee. But I like to have a cup of tea now.
我喜欢喝咖啡,但我现在想喝一杯茶。
巩固练习
1.______the seeds and they will grow.
A.Water B.To water C.Watering D.Watered
2.The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but______work for young people.
A.provide B.to provide C.providing D.provided
3.He arrived at the office early,______a good example to the others.
A.set B.to set C.to be set D.having set
4.Please make my excuse at tomorrow’s meeting—I’ve got too much work______.
A.to do to come B.doing coming C.to do coming D.to do coming
5.We looked everywhere for the keys,but they are nowhere_____
A.to find B.to have found C.to be found D.being found
6.After describing the planned improvements,she went on_____