内容正文:
2020年初中英语中考语法基础版复习讲义(九)there be结构知识点总结(含练习与解析)
there be是英语中最基本的句型之一,也是初中英语学习的重点,今天我们就来学习它。
01
There be的构成和意义。
There be的构成是:There be+名词+地点状语。根据名词是单数、复数或不可数又可以细化为以下三类结构:
a. there is +a/an+单数名词+其他。
b. there are +复数名词 +其他。
c. there is +不可数名词+其他。
There be的意义是:表示什么地方有什么。它的本质是一个倒装句。
如:
There is an apple on the desk.
桌子上有一个苹果。
There are two apples on the desk.
桌子上有两个苹果。
There is some water in the bottle.
瓶子里有一些水。
02
There be的句式变换
There be的否定句,在be后加not即可。如:
There aren't any apples on the desk.
桌子上没有苹果。
There be的一般疑问句,be提前即可。如:
Is there an apple on the desk?
桌子上有一个苹果吗?
There be的特殊疑问句,一般用how many/much来提问,问多少。如:
How many apples are there on the desk?
桌子上有几个苹果?
How much water is there in the bottle?
瓶子里有多少水?
注意:how many加复数名词,其后要用are there;how much加不可数名词,其后用is there.
03
There be的反义疑问句
There be的反义疑问句要用there来做,肯用否问,否用肯问。如:
There are two apples on the desk, aren't there?
There isn't any water in the bottle, is there?
按实际情况回答,有就用yes, there is/are,没有就用no,there aren't/isn't.
04
There be结构的时态拓展
上面的叙述均以一般现在时为例,其实there be也可以用于其他时态。如:
一般将来时:
There will be a party tonight.
今晚将有一个派对。
一般过去时:
There was a tree here last year.
去年这里有一棵树。
现在完成时:
There has been a man waiting for you for two hours at the front door.
有个人在前门等你2小时了。
05
含情态动词的there be结构
there be结构和情态动词连用,其结构变为:there +情态动词+be+其他。
一般情况下表示推测。如:
There might be a rainstorm.
可能有暴风雨。(可能性很小)
There could be some risks.
可能有风险。(有一定风险)
There must be something wrong.
肯定是哪里出问题了。(可能性极高)
There can't be anything like that.
不可能有这种事情。(可能性极强)
06
there be和have的区别
二者都表示有,但there be结构表示什么地方有什么,而have表示某人/某物有什么。二者区别在于主语不同、意义不同。如:
I have a book.
我有一本书。
There is a book in my bag.
我包里有一本书。
注意:一般情况下,there be和have不会出现在同一个句子里,也即两个“有”不能同时出现。完成时中的have不表示“有”,因此there be的完成时不属于此种类型。
巩固练习
1、There a meeting tonight.
A will be B had be C is going be D was
2、There a knock at the door just now .
A will be B has been C were D was
3、There a pen and two books on the desk now.
A are B be C is D was
4、