08Unit 6 被动语态-2020-2021学年九年级英语同步知识讲练(人教版)

被动语态 【概念引入】 一、含有被动语态的名言欣赏 Life is measured by thought and action, not by time. 衡量生命的尺度是思想和行动，而不是时间长短。 Men are known by his companions. 观其友而知其人。 Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的。 A friend without fault will never be found. 没有缺点的朋友永不可得。 二、被动语态的概念 　英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 　主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 　　Many people speak Chinese. 许多人说汉语。 　　谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 　 Chinese is spoken by many people. 汉语被许多人说。 　　 主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。 【用法讲解】 一、被动语态结构 一般现在时：am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词 　　You are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。 一般过去时：was / were +及物动词的过去分词 China was liberated in 1949. 1949年中国解放。 一般将来时：will / shall be +及物动词的过去分词 　 The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 明天将对这个问题进行讨论。 现在完成时：have / has been +及物动词的过去分词 　 Not a book in the library has been taken away. 图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。 现在进行时：am / is / are being +及物动词的过去分词 　　My bike is being repaired. 我的自行车正在修理。 过去完成时：had been +及物动词的过去分词 　The book had been borrowed when I got to the library. 　　我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。 二、主动语态与被动语态的转换 1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2）把谓语变为被动结构（be＋过去分词） 注意：根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。 3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 　 All the people laughed at him. 所有人都嘲笑他。 →He was laughed at by all people. 　　They make the bikes in the factory. 他们在那家工厂制造自行车。 → The bikes are made by them in the factory. 　　He cut down a tree. 他砍倒了一棵树。 → A tree was cut down by him. 4）含有情态动词的被动语态 　　含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。 　Little Tom can work out this maths problem easily. 小汤姆能容易地做出这道数学题。 → This maths problem can be easily work out by little Tom. 　　They should do it at once. 他们应该立刻做那件事。 　　→It should be done at once. 5) 含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态 　主动语态的双宾语句式: 主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语+其他 　被动语态的双宾语句式: 间接宾语+be+过去分词+直接宾语+其他 　 或:直接宾语+be +过去分词+介词(for / to)+间接宾语+其他 My father gave me a new book on my birthday. 我的父亲在我生日那天给我一本新书。 → I was given a new book on my birthday (by my father). → A new book was given to me on my birthday (by my father). My father bought me a n