专题11 被动语态-八年级英语暑假语法知识大串讲（浙江版）

被动语态 本章内容： 1.知识解析 2.知识拓展. 3.浙江题组专练 一．知识解析 动词的语态 一、被动语态的构成及用法 (一)被动语态的构成 1.被动语态的基本结构为:be+动词的过去分词 2.各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表(以动词do为例): 时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般现 在时 do/does We clean the classroom. 一般过 去时 did He made the kite. 现在进 行时 am/is/are+doing She is watering the plants. 现在完 成时 have/has+done Jim has finished the work. 一般将 来时 will/shall/be going to+do They will plant trees tomorrow. 过去进 行时 was/were+doing She was writing a letter this time yesterday. 3.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。如: Anything here can’t be touched.这里的任何东西都不能碰。 (二)被动语态的用法 在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况: 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。如: This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如: More trees must be planted every year.每年都必须种更多的树。 3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如: Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语使用广泛) 4.句子的主语是物。如: Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。 二、主动语态和被动语态的转换 (一)主动语态变为被动语态 1.要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。 2.把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,作by的宾语。 3.谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。如: We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态)→ He was asked to sing an English song by us. 　　(二)带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如: She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)→ I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me变为主语) A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语a book变为主语) 　　(三)动词短语变为被动语态 许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。但是动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。如: We should speak to old men politely.(变为被动语态)→Old men should be spoken to politely.(to不可省略) 　　(四)带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。如: I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)→Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 　　(五)变被动语态后动词形式的选择 主动句中在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等及使役动词let,make,have等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,应加上不定式符号to。如: He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)→The girl is made to stay at home by him. 二．知识拓展 主动结构表被动意义 1.open,lock,write,read,sell,cl