专题12 非谓语动词-八年级英语暑假语法知识大串讲（浙江版）

非谓语动词 本章内容： 1.知识解析 2.知识拓展. 3.浙江题组专练 一．知识解析 考点一　动词不定式 　　1.动词不定式的构成 动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以省略to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。 　　2.动词不定式的基本用法 用法 说明 例句 作 主 语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,避免句子头重脚轻 To learn English well is useful. =It is useful to learn English well. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作的执行者,可以在不定式前加一个for短语。其结构为It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth. It is good for you to go out for a walk. 在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词(如kind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite等)作表语时,不定式之前可以加一个of短语,用来说明动作的执行者。其结构为It+be+adj.+of sb.+to do sth. It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that. 两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时,第一个不定式带to,后面的不定式通常省略to To go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit. 作 宾 语 不定式用在及物动词后作宾语,常见的这类及物动词有begin,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,try,afford,agree,start,like等 I can’t afford to buy a digital camera at the moment. 在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在后面 I find it easy to read English every day. 在某些句型中,不定式中的to常被省略,如Why not do...?Why don’t you do...?...had better do...,...would rather do...,Could/Would/Will you please do...? I would rather stay in the room. 作 宾 语 补 足 语 常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want,ask,tell,allow,get,would like,advise,encourage等 My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但变成被动语态时必须加上to I often hear Li Ming sing in the next room. 动词help后面的不定式,可以带to,也可以不带to You must help me(to)do my homework this afternoon. 作 定 语 作定语的不定式,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后 I have some clothes to wash. 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,且与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系,则作定语的不定式要加上相应的介词;但是,当不定式修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后面习惯上要省略介词 He is looking for a room to live in. We have a lot of things to talk about. My grandma had no place to live(in)in the old days. 不定式修饰 something,anything,nothing时,放在它们的后面,如果something,anything,nothing有形容词修饰,词序是:something/anything/nothing+形容词+不定式 I had