内容正文:
2020年初三英语中考考前语法复习讲义(七)
时态知识点最全整理
一、一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态,或习惯性的动作的时态。
I usually go to school by bike.
Tom often helps his parents do housework at home.
Sometimes Lucy washes her clothes herself.
2.一般现在时的用法
(1)表示现在的状态
例如:He is twelve. She is at work.
(2)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与usually, always, sometimes, once a week, every day,year等表示频率的副词和短语连用
例如:I get up early every day.
He reads English every morning.
I often take a bus to school.
(3)表示主语具备的性格和能力等
例如:She likes noodles. They speak English.
(4)表示不受时间限制的客观事实或普遍真理。
例如:The earth is round. Light travels faster than sound.
(5)在时间、条件等状语从句中,从句用一般现在时表将来。
例如:When I grow up, I will go to America.
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.
3.一般现在时的构成
(1)系动词be构成一般现在时
肯定:主语+be+其他
否定:主语+be+not+其他
例如:The girl is my friend
Kitty is not an English girl.
(2)情态动词构成一般现在时
肯定:主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他
否定:主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+其他
例如:She can speak English well.
You shouldn’t open the light now.
(3)行为动词构成一般现在时
肯定:主语+行为动词+其他
例如:These boyslike playing football.
He likes playing football.
一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,如果主语时第三人称单数时,谓语动词发生变化。
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察:
(1)大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。如:①stop-stops [s] make-makes [s]②read-reads [z] play-plays [z]
(2)以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz]如:fly-flies [z] carry-carries [z]study-studies [z] worry-worries
(3)以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz]如:teach-teaches [iz] watch-watches [iz]
(4)以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z]如:go-goes [z] do-does [z]
否定:主语+助动词(do/does)+not+行为动词原形+其他
例如:She doesn’t like reading in the park.
二、一般过去时
1.定义:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:last year, last month, yesterday, this morning等
例如:I was born in China 20 years ago.
2.一般过去时的构成:由过去式表示
规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则:
①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look-looked
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加d。如:live-lived
③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop-stopped
④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,然后再加-ed。如:study-studied
不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆
例如:am(is)-was are-were
go-went come-came
take-took have (has)-had
read-read