四川省遂宁市射洪县2018-2019学年高一（英才班）下学期期末能力素质监测英语试题

射洪县高2018级第二期期末英才班能力素质监测 英 语 本卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。考试时间60分钟，满分100分。考试结束后，第Ⅱ卷和机读卡一并收回。 注意事项： 1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。 2.请将选择题答案填涂在机读卡上，请将非选择题答案写在第Ⅱ卷上，否则不予给分。 第I卷（选择题，满分60分） 第一部分 阅读理解（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、和C )中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Larger brain size is linked to longer life in deer. The size of female animals' brains may determine whether they live longer and have more healthy later generations, according to new research led by the University of Cambridge. The study, published in the Royal Society Open Science, shows that female red deer with larger brains live longer and have more surviving later generations than those with smaller brains. Brain size is heritable and can be passed down through generations. This is the first extensive study of individual differences in brain size in wild mammals and draws on data comparing seven generations of deer. Across species of mammals, brain size varies widely. This is thought to be a consequence of specific differences in the benefits and costs of a larger brain. Mammals with larger brains may, for example, have greater abilities that enable them to adapt better to environmental changes or they may have longer life spans. But there may also be disadvantages: For instance, larger brains require more energy, so individuals that possess them may show reduced abilities to give birth to young babies. The researchers, based at the University of Cambridge's Zoology Department and the University of Edinburgh's Institute of Evolutionary Biology, wanted to test if they could find more direct genetic or non-genetic evidence of the costs and benefits of large brain size by comparing the longevity (寿命) and survival of individuals of the same species with different brain sizes. Using the skulls of 1,314 wild red deer whose life histories and breeding success had been monitored in the course of a long-term study on the Isle of Rum, they found that females with larger endocranial volumes ( 脑腔容量) lived longer a