Unit 4 Space exploration 单元语法精讲练-【精创新教材】2019-2020学年高一英语新教材知识讲学（人教版必修第三册）

【新教材】2020学年高一英语新教材必修第三册同步练习材料(人教版) Unit4 Space Exploration单元语法精讲练 （不定式作定语和状语） [观察例句] 1．I trained for a long time to fly airplane as a fighter pilot. 2．As we all know，an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. 3．First of all，you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 4．Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. 5．On 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. [语法复习归纳] 不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，有时to可以省略，其否定形式是“not to do”。不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态、语态的变化。不定式不能作谓语，但可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语。本单元主要讲述不定式作定语和状语的用法。 1．动词不定式的形式 形式 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 2.句式功能 (1)动词不定式作定语：当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，要用主动表_________________ (1)不定式作定语需要_______________________。 (2)作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词存在着三种主要的逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语(逻辑上的________________关系)或逻辑宾语(逻辑上的__________________关系)或修饰性关系(____________________关系)。 ①动宾关系： I have a lot of work to do(要做)． Give me a piece of paper to write on(写)． ②主谓关系： Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat(登上救生艇)． ③修饰性关系：不定式前的名词是它修饰的对象，它所修饰的词多为抽象名词:need, time, way, right, chance, courage, reason, wish, movement... There is no need for him to come. He has no time to read the book. [注意]　为动宾关系的不定式，必须是及物动词或不及物动词加_____________________；如果不定式所修饰的词是way或place，介词可省略。 It is a comfortable sofa to sit on. He has no way to go. This is the best place to work (2)不定式作状语：不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等，其逻辑主语就是句子的_________________________。 ①To learn a foreign language well，you must try your best. [注意]　不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。 ②He searched the whole room only to find nothing. 他搜遍了整个房间结果什么也没找到。 [注意]　不定式作状语与only连用放句尾常表出乎意料的结果。 ③I'm glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。 [注意]　在表示“高兴、愉快、生气、遗憾”等表感情的形容词后，常用不定式作___________________________。 I.单句语法填空 1．Tomorrow my father will go to Beijing so as ________ (see) his old friend. 2．Guilin is a good city ________ (go) sightseeing. 3．________ (keep) themselves